The applying of local building materials is an effective contribution to the savings of mineral resources, which are used for the production of basic building materials. Clay and gypsum compositions are the local raw materials in many regions of the country and some neighboring countries. The article discusses the method for determining the clay fraction in the clay and gypsum composition, as well as the method for assessing the rheological characteristics of the plaster mixtures for interior work based on clay and gypsum binder. It was established that the content of the clay fraction in the studied clay and gypsum composition is in the range of 30–32%. Plaster mixtures based on clay and gypsum binder can be considered as optimal compositions under the following conditions. The grade of mobility is not less than PK3 (8–12 cm) in cone penetration test, the ultimate shear stresses in the first seconds of the thixotropic hardening ensure no runoff for the adjusted thickness of the applied layer. With the mentioned mobility, the “creeping” on the concrete surface is 10% and less, and the “creeping” on the brick surface is no more than 5%. The allowable water-solid ratio is 0,46–0,50.
The article presents the results of a study of the state of production of a foam glass and the nomencla-ture of its products. It is shown that it is expedient to use the recycled glass obtained from the bottle battle, the defective glass and the double-glazed windows as a raw material for the production of the foam-glass. The re-quirements are formulated for glasses, which should have low viscosity values in the range of foaming tempera-tures. The features of the technology for the production of the foam glass aggregate at the specialized lines are outlined. The technology features are the composition of the charge and temperature conditions of burning. The mixture for the production of the foam glass aggregate consists of glass flour, organomineral blowing agent con-taining water and food glycerin, as distinct from the slab foam glass, where soot or coke is used as a blowing agent. The results confirm the effectiveness of the use of the foam glass aggregate as a soundproofing backfill for floors. Currently, about 70% of the foam glass aggregate is used for roofs and stylobates; the rest is used in landscape design, road construction, foundations and major repair. In the future, the areas of application of the foam glass aggregate can be significantly expanded in the direction of building systems, lightweight aggregates, etc., which involves in-depth studies of the properties of this material.
This paper study the process of multilevel optimization of particulate structure of concrete. The improvement of performance characteristics of concrete can be achieved with a minimum binder content. Theoretical and experimental principles for the design of an optimal structure of concrete with an increased concentration of solid phase and operational characteristics, with a complex organo-mineral additive are developed on the basis of a rational proportion of chemical and finely dispersed mineral components. The high density of the structure is achieved by obtaining the dense packages by applying strong particles and grains with high elastic modulus and optimal parameters (dispersion and content) for each structural level. It is shown that it is expedient to use several structural levels of the particles of the clinker phase, and pozzolanization of the matrix must be carried out in accordance with the optimal formulation. Finely-dispersed slag, microsilica and highly dispersed fraction of cement were considered as mineral components, and superplasticizer of polycarboxylate type was used as a chemical additive.
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