The analysis of the chemical composition of natural water bodies-receivers of drainage and discharge waters. It is shown that the background concentrations of salt-forming ions in water bodies exceed the Mpcrx, which indicates the dominant influence of surface runoff from the entire catchment area and underground feeding by mineralized sulphate groundwater on the formation of the quality of the water environment. The chemical composition of water extract from the soil from irrigated areas adjacent to reservoirs was studied on the example of semikarakorsky district of the Rostov region. The classification of irrigated soils (0-20 cm) adjacent to the reservoirs, the degree and type of salinity depending on the chemistry of salts, which showed that agricultural activity is accompanied by a transformation of the geo-ecological cycles of salt-ions, leading to soil salinization, increase of mineralization of drainage runoff and, as a consequence, water of small streams. Based on the study of the chemical composition of natural, groundwater and water quality in reservoirs, and soil adjacent to sewers the features of dynamics of the content of salt ions and the intensity of their migration in agroecosystems.
Purpose: to determine the reasons of non-compliance with the maximum permissible concentration of the hazard class 4e substances for water bodies of fishery significance (MPCfs) in the small rivers control point – receivers of drainage and waste waters (DWW). Materials and methods. The research object is the Salt river Semikarakorsk district Rostov region, the catchment area of which is an anthropogenically transformed agricultural landscape. As background concentrations, the data from official certificates on background concentrations in the investigated water body in the section 500 m above the DWW outlet are used. Results. The processes of salt-forming ions dilution belonging to the hazard class 4e substances in the aquatic environment of the Salt river when DWW enter it at the release site to the control point according to the method of A. V. Frolov – I. D. Rodziller were modified. It has been found that important characteristics of dilution processes are the ratio of the flow rates of the river and in the reservoir, as well as the background (Cf) and maximum permissible concentration of the substance. So, for the calcium ion Cf = 105 mg/dm³, MPCfs = 180 mg/dm³, the concentration of the substance in the most polluted jet from the release site to the control point varies from 180 to 107.8 mg/dm³. For sulfate ion Cf = 385 mg/dm³, MPCfs = 100 mg/dm³, the concentration varies from 100 to 232.5 mg/dm³. Conclusions. It has been found that the reasons for non-compliance with the maximum permissible concentrations of the hazard class 4e substances in the control point of small rivers are a high background concentration of salt-forming ions belonging to the 4e hazard class, comparable flows of rivers and DWW. The reasons for the weak dilution are the shallow depth of the river, low flow velocity, as well as high initial mineralization of natural water. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the Russian legislation in terms of regional permissible concentrations in water bodies, taking into account the regional characteristics of the hydrochemical regime of water bodies, river runoff, and the hydrochemical composition of the upper horizons of groundwater.
The method of ecological research in determining the degree of air pollution by fluctuating asymmetry of the leaves of silver birch (Betula Pendula) has been studied. The main stages of the research using the bioindication method have been determined. The analysis of the state of atmospheric air was carried out by the phytoindication method according to the reaction of the plant of the phytoindicator - silver birch. The biotesting results were compared with the official data of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Rostov Region on the quality of atmospheric air in Novocherkassk.
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