The article analyzes the educational and professional strategies of graduates of secondary vocational education (SVE) of the Murmansk Oblast, formed on the basis of prevailing values in the conditions of socialization in a particular region. The paper focuses on the existing contradictions in understanding the reasons for the growth in the number of applicants to secondary vocational institutions. On the basis of statistical data from various sources, an analysis of the system of vocational training at the secondary pro-fessional level is presented and the features of the human resources potential and needs of the region are indicated. The authors of the article focus on environmental factors that contribute to the formation of values and the implementation of vocational and educational strategies for the youth of the region. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the social constructivism theory of P. Berger and T. Lukman, as well as the value theory of R. Inglehart. The object of the study is graduate students in the secondary vocational education system of the Murmansk Oblast. The choice of a specific subject of the Russian Arctic (Murmansk Oblast) is due to a number of reasons: intensive migration loss of the population; significant reduction in the number of educational institutions; reduction in the number of students. The empirical base of the article was formed by the results of a sociological study conducted in AprilMay 2021 in the Murmansk Oblast by online questionnaire survey among graduates of educational institutions of secondary vocational level — 519 people. The study of professional and educational strategies of graduates of secondary vocational education, an analysis of educational plans, attitudes towards employment, including the direction of training, labor value orientations as well as migration attitudes of students were additionally considered.
This paper reports the results of field studies carried out in November 2018 in the towns of Murmansk Oblast and in February — March 2020 in the city of Murmansk. The research was aimed to evaluate resilience of the Kola North as the most extensively urbanized northern region and of Murmansk as the largest city above the Arc-tic Circle. The material for the paper is based on the poll data of 444 residents of Murmansk Oblast and interviews of 23 residents of Murmansk. A residence-stratified sampling model combined with sex and age quotas has been employed. On the basis of research on resilience in psychology and theory of time-space of Mikhail Bakhtin, the authors conduct analysis of the perception of the population towards the elements of urban chronotopos: time (chronos), space (topos), and human (anthropos), which either repel the population, thus weakening the resilience, or attract it, hence strengthening the resilience. The level of resilience of a region is firmly bound to the population attitude towards it, and apathy towards the city, let alone hatred, take a heavy toll on the resilience of the cities in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, instilling conditions for weakening bods between people and the dwelling and causing decay of the social climate. In this paper, we identify problematic urban areas induc-ing negative emotions of the population (climate, ecology, standard of living, state of the education and infrastructure, a lack of ideas and perspectives of development which are clear to the urban residents) and strong points enhancing the resilience (natural environment, social links, pace of living, frontier location, understanding of his-torical role and strategic importance). Models of mental behavior which have effect on the urban resilience have been identified. It is argued that temporary and shift workers have negative effect on the urban resilience, whereas positive influence comes from traditional and new nomads, innovators, proprietors and amateur researchers. Traditional nomads of the Kola North — fishermen and seamen — create the image and mission of the cities understandable to their residents. The model of a new nomad brings dynamics and hospitability to the region. The innovator creates new models of development of the territory, while the proprietor explores the North and looks after it. The model of special importance for the cities of the Kola North is that of exploration, characteristic of researchers and artists, since new values may become new ideas of the cities supporting their resilience.
The article looks at the specifics of living conditions in small towns in general, as well as considering their location in one of the Federal subjects of the Arctic zone of Russia. The article also justifies the necessity of developing the urban environment as a significant factor in improving the level and quality of life of the Murmansk region population. Furthermore, it raises the issue about the attitude of small towns residents in this region to the improvement of the territory. The analysis is based on the results of the sociological research conducted in 2021 among the residents of Zaozersk, Kirovsk and Kovdor towns by doing an online survey (301 respondents) and by holding a group discussion (35 participants). Despite the fact that the majority of the surveyed in these small towns represent a positive image of the town, there is an urgent need for the renewal and reconstruction of territories in residential areas, as well as the willingness of residents to directly or indirectly participate in the implementation of measures to develop the urban environment. The main results of the study concretize the needs of the small towns population for the improvement of the territory, and have an applied value for justifying applications for the competition for the best projects in urban environment development in small towns and historical settlements of Russia.
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