Improving cyber security is the purpose of all states. Military-industrial complex is in need of creating innovative protection systems for their cyber space. A lack of such security systems can lead to the global disaster, using nuclear weapons. Today’s legal regulation of the national personal data still does not provide for legal regulation of user data which can be obtained via gadgets fitted with cameras, speakers, applications. Apart from information leakage as a result of hacker attacks, and accidental cyber leaks, the great problem is related to unlawful leakage and data stolen by company employees. Although the legislation of personal data protection is improving with allowance for precedents in this sphere leading to cybercrimes, an amount of unlawful use of personal data by company employees do not decrease due to a lack of accountability and behavior code in the sphere of personal data processing.
Over the past few years, there have been certain shifts in favor of the national agenda in the European Union. Similar divergences from the main goal of the EU are observed in the UK and Poland. The COVID-19 pandemic also revealed the mismatch between the interests of a united Europe and the national preferences of the participating countries. The purpose of the article is to determine the possibility / impossibility of realizing the national interests of “small states” — EU members in the formation and implementation of a single community policy. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to establish the existence of different interests of states within the EU, the possibility of the participating countries to influence the development of the policy of the Union as a whole, the role of “small states” in the process under consideration. Applying a regional approach and narrowing the study to a single country (the Republic of Latvia), as well as applying methods of analysis and comparison, the nature of the relationship between the policies of the European Union and individual countries is revealed. The experience of the Republic of Latvia has shown that the state, which is most dependent on the economy and the general policy of the union, builds its own relations with the EU, relying mainly on the interests of “donor countries”. This dynamics is also manifested in international commercial relations, influencing the state of some sectors of the economy, as well as the economic situation of individual cities. Despite some negative points, mainly related to the economic indicators of individual industries, the participating countries do not deviate from the policy of European integration. Civil society, for the most part, also chooses the opportunities provided by the European Union. The challenges that the European community faced over time are being resolved. The Government of the European Union speaks openly about the existing problems, which are also related to the solution of common problems, and tries to solve them in a timely manner and by common efforts.
Annotation. The aim of the current research is to scrutinize the role of the small states in Arctic regarding Latvia. The goal of the research is to reveal the small states promising cooperation routes in arctic region. By using regional research method to study the international cooperation situation there were revealed such budding routes as ecological safety, human resources, science, education, culture, investments, digitalization, cyber security, defense industry, rescue missions, telecommunications, IT technologies, mass media. At the same time the local method of the regional touch application allows to determine that Latvia as the other Baltic states should be a part of an integrated interaction with all the engaged countries basing on equal and parity mutual relations.
CIS member countries are interconnected by both historical, cultural and economic components. Russia and China, as two global actors, influence the economic situation and security in the CIS. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dependence of the CIS member countries on Russia and China, as well as to identify dependence of the economic development of the member states on import of armaments. Applying a regional approach, as well as analyzing economic indicators, supplies of weapons and presence of the military industrial complex production and service enterprises, we can define Belarus and Kazakhstan as the states with the largest share of foreign (Russian and Chinese) investments and weapons in their home markets. The Russian Federation stands out in the general context of dominance throughout the CIS. There are also Russian geopolitical interests, which include protection of external borders by ensuring security and stability in the member states bordering third countries. Chinese interests are focused mainly in the border area, namely, Chinese interests in Central Asia. The growing influence of global actors in the region, which is ensured through their investments in industry, military supplies and setting up new production complexes, establishes an ever closer relationship among the nations of the region. Thus, such an influence may lead certain CIS member countries to closer integration with China and Russia in the future, namely, to create bilateral alliances with a higher degree of dependence on global actors in comparison with other CIS member countries.
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