Calyceal diverticula and epidermal cysts are extremely rare kidney lesions with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. They have non-specific clinical and radiological picture. Despite the benign nature, sometimes these disorders mimic malignant tumors leading to unjustified nephrectomy. We present a clinical and morphological observation of a multicystic lesion in a 76-year-old patient's right kidney filled with keratinized masses and imitating a malignant solid tumor. The detailed gross, histological and immunohistochemical (desmin, cytokeratin 7, uroplakin and p63) analyses of the kidney tissue excluded the malignant nature of the lesion. The final differential diagnosis was between an epidermal cyst and calyceal diverticulum with pronounced squamous cell metaplasia of urothelium. The upper pole localization of the lesion, its connection with the pelvicalyceal system through the unobstructed isthmus, the presence of urothelial lining and smooth muscle cells in its wall let us diagnose a calyceal diverticulum type I. Knowledge of the key clinical and morphological features of epidermal cysts and diverticula of the pelvicalyceal system will help the practicing physicians suspect the benign nature of such lesions and perform organ-preserving operations.
Hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor of the bladder, which occurs mainly in children. It has no specific clinical symptoms but can result in severe and fatal complications as well as relapse. In the current clinical observation, a 35-year-old patient had a large solid tumor of the bladder spreading into the muscular layer. In histological and immunohistochemical analyses, verified hemangioma consisted of capillary, cavernous and arterio-venous components. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder using computer chromoendoscopy. It is the first to the best of our knowledge complete transurethral removal of 3 cm in diameter bladder hemangioma.
Introduction. Control of distribution of aerosol particle by size in the workplace area is one of the important problems of hygiene. To assess health effect of aerosol particles in workers, it is necessary to improve existing and introduce new methods for analyzing the dispersion and chemical composition of aerosols, including their nanosized constituents. Materials and methods. Generated lead oxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of 26.2±12.6 nm were sampled on 47-mm nylon membrane disc filters with a pore size of 0.2 µm and 1.2 µm. The experimental device represented a cascade system consisting of two membrane filters, where the first filter was intended for capturing nanoparticles while the second one was used for establishing the capture efficiency of the first. The sampling time for the cascade systems was 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, and 80 minutes for filters with a pore size of 0.2 µm and 5, 10, 20, and 120 minutes for those with a 1.2 µm pore size; in all cases, the volumetric flow rate was 1.5 L/min. The membrane surface was then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Results. Lead oxide nanoparticles were found on all filters tested. They were evenly distributed over the entire effective filter area, their number increasing with air sampling duration. No nanoparticles were observed on the second level filters, regardless of the sampling period. Limitations. The results cannot be extrapolated to all types of nanoparticles since the capacity of polyamide/nylon filters was studied only with respect to lead oxide nanoparticles. Conclusion. The study proved that polyamide/nylon filters with the pore sizes of 0.2 µm and 1.2 µm have a high potential for nanoparticle capture and can be considered as a tool for developing new techniques of studying and controlling harmful factors.
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