The availability of energy from fossil fuels is gradually decreasing. Bioethanol is one of the biofuels which is an alternative energy that can be used as a substitute for petroleum. In Indonesia, in general, the manufacture of bioethanol uses raw materials that compete with foods such as cassava, sugar, and tubers. however, in this research the raw material used is derived from lignocellulosic biomass from pineapple peel. Therefore, this research aims to utilize pineapple peel which is its waste as raw material for making bioethanol through a fermentation process. The fermentation process uses yeast mass and fermentation time as variables where the yeast mass used is 20, 25 and 30 g. while for the fermentation time for 5 and 9 days. In the distillation process, the operating conditions are 78.4 °C for low pressure temperature, and the next step is to analyze the bioethanol produced. Based on the research that has been done, the highest bioethanol content was obtained at 70% with the addition of 25 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a fermentation time of 9 days. From these operating conditions, obtained bioethanol with a concentration of 70%, with a density of 0.8438 gr/mL, and a refractometric index of 9.581.
Meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dan aktifitasnya, memberi kontribusi significan pada peningkatan sampah. Bank Sampah merupakan usaha masyarakat bersama dengan pemerintah memiliki fungsi sebagai media edukasi bagi masyarakat bagaimana memelihara lingkungan dan mengelola sampah Metode yang digunakan dalam program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM) adalah dengan pendekatan terhadap mitra untuk memberikan pandangan tentang perlunya diversifikasi produk untuk pengolahan lindi. Diversifikasi produk dengan memberikan sosialisasi mengolah lindi yang dihasilkan dari proses pengomposan menjadi pupuk cair yang juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai EM4 dalam proses pengomposan. Pemasangan alat yang sudah diterapkan pada TPS 3 – R, lindi yang dihasilkan terkumpul dengan baik dan akan dapat digunakan untuk pemrosesan lanjut menjadi pupuk cair.
Nanoparticles, particles of size 10-9have a high potential as water, waste water and air pollution treatment. In this research, nanoscale iron particles were synthesized by reduction of Fe2SO47 H2O by NaBH4at low temperature to avoid oxidation during the process. Characterization of the particles based on particle size, material structure, surface morphology and the composition of forming element was done by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectometry (EDS), respectively. Surface area and magnetic character was measured by BET surface area and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), respectively. Morfological observation showed that structured core-shell of size < 44 nm and shell of size ~ 3 nm with saturated magnetization value ~ 132 emu g‾¹ has been formed.
Sampah yang membusuk memberikan dampak yang buruk terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar. Sampah organik yang dihasilkan dari sisa kegiatan rumah tangga dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi pupuk padat dan pupuk cair dengan menggunakan komposter sederhana. Pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini masyarakat khususnya ibu rumah tangga diajarkan untuk membuat pupuk padat dan pupuk cair dari sampah organik runah tangga dengan menggunakan komposter dan effective microorganism (EM4). Pupuk organik tersebut selain dapat digunakan pada tanaman juga dapat dijual sehingga dapat meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat. Penggunaan pupuk cair dari sampah organik semakin meningkat sejak berkembangnya tanaman hidroponik karena pupuk cair mudah diracik sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman.
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