FT protocols show high-level evidence on reducing primary and total hospital stay without compromising patients' safety offering lower morbidity and the same readmission rates. Enhanced recovery programs should become a mainstay of elective colorectal surgery.

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Background:The aim was to compare the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of surgical treatments for haemorrhoids.Methods: Randomized clinical trials were identified by means of a systematic review. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method in WinBUGS. Conclusion:Open and closed haemorrhoidectomies resulted in more postoperative complications and slower recovery, but fewer haemorrhoid recurrences. THD and stapled haemorrhoidectomies were associated with decreased postoperative pain and faster recovery, but higher recurrence rates. The advantages and disadvantages of each surgical treatment should be discussed with the patient before surgery to allow an informed decision to be made.

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The incidence of dyspareunia increases after restorative proctocolectomy. There was a decrease in fertility after restorative proctocolectomy. Pregnancy after restorative proctocolectomy was not associated with an increase in complications. There was an increase in stool frequency and pad usage during the third trimester. Vaginal delivery is safe after restorative proctocolectomy. Pouch function after delivery returns to pregestational function within six months.

The review suggests that SNS for faecal incontinence in LARS has success rates comparable to its use for other forms of faecal incontinence.

SNS results in significant improvements in objective and subjective measures for faecally incontinent patients.

Studies demonstrate that CME removes significantly more tissue around the tumour including maximal lymph node clearance. There is little information on serious adverse events after CME and a long-term survival benefit has not been proved.