Present investigations were aimed at estimating the genetic parameters and character's association in forty maize genotypes. The PCV was higher in magnitude than GCV for almost all the traits except for root density which showed greater value of GCV than PCV. Heritability estimates were also higher in all the traits and highest hretability was shown for chlorophyll content. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the fresh shoot length had maximum direct effect on fresh root length followed by root density, dry shoot weight, leaf temperature and dry root weight. It may be concluded that fresh root length, dry shoot weight, root density, leaf temperature and dry root weight are the characters which contribute largely to the fresh shoot length of maize seedlings. These traits had reasonable heritability estimates, thus selection could be made for high yielding maize genotypes on the basis of these traits.
Seventy diverse genotypes were evaluated for drought stress for morphological (shoot and root length, fresh and dry shoot weight, fresh and dry root weight) and physiological traits (stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rate) to increase the area under arid and semi-arid climatic condition to overcome the deficiency of edible oil. All genotypes varied significantly for all evaluated traits. High variability for photosynthesis rate and lower for transpiration rate but highly significant. Genotypic variance and its coefficient are almost higher for all characters then environmental variance and its coefficient. Additive gene action was found for stomatal conductance and fresh root weight, good characters for selection having high heritability with increased genetic advance used to find out drought tolerating genotypes. Genotypes ORI 29 and ORI 30 performed better in normal and drought stress condition can be used further breeding programme as a drought tolerant material. In PCA, genotypes ORI 30, ORI 27, ORI 38 and ORI 105 expressed maximum diversity can be used in further hybrid programme.
Drought is one of the most damaging environmental stresses, which decreases the achene yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The objectives of our experimentations were to determine the type of gene action in sunflower under drought stress, for the identification of the lines with higher achene yield for purpose of developing hybrid with higher achene yield. Thirty-two single cross hybrids from 12 inbred lines were developed through line × tester mating design through crossing 8 drought tolerant inbred lines with 4 drought susceptible lines. The evaluation experiment was performed under an alpha (0,1) lattice incomplete block design with three replications. The achene yield related traits like DF, DM, PH, NL/P, HD, SG, AY/P and TAW were evaluated under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Values of degree of dominance greater than one indicating that traits were under the control of dominant genetic effect. Based on GCA effects, L1 proved good combiner for early flowering, maturity and short stature; while L6 was a good combiner for NL/P, HD and AY/P while L8 for HD, SG, AY/P and TAW under drought stress condition. Based on SCA effects, Hybrid 20 was found a good SCA combiner for early flowering, early maturity, short stature, higher HD, AY/P and TAW under normal as well as drought stress conditions. It was suggested form our study that the lines L1, L6 and L8 can be further used to develop drought tolerant hybrids for higher yield and L5 × L12 (Hy 20) was proposed for general cultivation in irrigated as well as rainfed areas of Pakistan.
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