Objective: To determine the frequency of depression and anxiety in carers of psychoactive substance use patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychiatry, Baluchistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta from June 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: One hundred and twenty caregivers of psychoactive substance use patients were enrolled. Detailed demographics of patients and caregivers were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were aged between 18-70 years. Depression and anxiety were calculated in primary caregivers of patients of psychoactive substance use. A DASS-21 criterion was used to examine the depression. Data was analysed by SPSS 22.0. Results: Mean age of patients was 35.27±15.43 years. 90 (75%) patients were males while 25% were females. Among caregivers 78 (65%) were females while 42 (35%) were males with mean age 36.86±16.48 years. Among caregivers, 12.5% of the patients had mild, 37.5% showed moderate and 18.33% caregivers showed severe depression while 38 (31.67%) had no depression. Anxiety among caregivers was mild in 12 (10%), 26 (21.7%) had moderate and 15 (12.5%) caregivers had severe anxiety while 67 (55.83%) caregivers had no anxiety. Conclusion: The frequency of anxiety and depression was high in primary caregivers of patients with psychoactive substance abuse. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Substance use, Caregivers
Purpose. This study examined the benefits of modernization of small industrial units clustered in Mohmand Marble City, Pakistan focusing on objectives to estimate change in socioeconomic status of rural public living in proximity of Marble City as well as to evaluate increase in productivity of marble tiles and resultant revenue from marble business. Methods. Primary data was collected from respondents to ascertain trends in 2015, 2016 and 2017. These values were projected to 2025 by using computational software GeoGebra. To validate socioeconomic impacts beyond 2025, values of variables were further projected to 2030 using exponential rate model. Findings. Analysis indicated that because of vintage and outdated equipment and plants, presently small marble industrial units were operating at below the optimum potential. These industrial units were required to be clustered in modern Mohmand Marble City. Results showed that after modernization and clustering of small marble industrial units into a modern marble city, socioeconomic status of rural public will be exponentially enhanced, production of marble tiles will be substantially boosted and revenue will increase. Originality. This study used innovative computational software GeoGebra for analysis of data at each stage. It also used catalyst model and exponential rate model to estimate effects of clustering and modernization of mineral industries. In a nutshell, this study is a unique combination of mathematical, computational and spatial framework. Practical implications. The results, conclusions and policy recommendations are globally applicable especially for deve-loping countries to modernize the mineral extraction and processing industries and boost their potential in mineral trade.
Pakistan is facing perpetual and worsening energy crisis. For vision 2025, the most important litmus test is to overcome energy crisis and ensure energy security by imaginative and innovative energy alternatives. In the same context, scientists, experts and researchers have been focusing on renewables and non-renewable energy generation alternatives, but have largely ignored the flip side. The extravagant use of energy, unlawful connections and losses in distribution system are contributors to ongoing energy crisis. For energy security in a developing country like Pakistan, elimination of energy losses seems a viable option, alongside generation of energy. Therefore, there is a need to have socio-economic analysis of energy losses. In this paper, energy losses for electricity were estimated for Lali Bagh Town of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province using a versatile and innovative socio-economic framework. This framework was based on factors matrix comprising socio-economic, environmental and energy factors pertaining to households. Within the factors matrix approach, three methods were used for analysis of energy losses; the statistical analysis to obtain trend and ratings of electricity losses, digital analysis of the data by computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) to get the digitally iterated and attenuated models along with representative equations and mathematical analysis of equations by Newton-Leibniz integration process to obtain numerical value of the ratings. Based on the results obtained, three dimensional energy losses surface maps (ELSMs) were prepared for Lali Bagh Town of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. At the end, policy recommendations have been given in the context of vision 2025. Paper is a unique combination of theoretical, mathematical and digital cum spatial economics. JEL Classification: O22, Q21, Q31, Q41. Keywords: Socio-economic, Analysis, Energy, Security, Electricity, Losses, Factors, Matrix, Digital, Maps.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.