We present a discrete treatment of adapted framed curves, parallel transport, and holonomy, thus establishing the language for a discrete geometric model of thin flexible rods with arbitrary cross section and undeformed configuration. Our approach differs from existing simulation techniques in the graphics and mechanics literature both in the kinematic description---we represent the material frame by its angular deviation from the natural Bishop frame---as well as in the dynamical treatment---we treat the centerline as dynamic and the material frame as quasistatic. Additionally, we describe a manifold projection method for coupling rods to rigid-bodies and simultaneously enforcing rod inextensibility. The use of quasistatics and constraints provides an efficient treatment for stiff twisting and stretching modes; at the same time, we retain the dynamic bending of the centerline and accurately reproduce the coupling between bending and twisting modes. We validate the discrete rod model via quantitative buckling, stability, and coupled-mode experiments, and via qualitative knot-tying comparisons.

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Discrete Laplace operators are ubiquitous in applications spanning geometric modeling to simulation. For robustness and efficiency, many applications require discrete operators that retain key structural properties inherent to the continuous setting. Building on the smooth setting, we present a set of natural properties for discrete Laplace operators for triangular surface meshes. We prove an important theoretical limitation: discrete Laplacians cannot satisfy all natural properties; retroactively, this explains the diversity of existing discrete Laplace operators. Finally, we present a family of operators that includes and extends well-known and widely-used operators.

We present a continuum-based discrete model for thin threads of viscous fluid by drawing upon the Rayleigh analogy to elastic rods, demonstrating canonical coiling, folding, and breakup in dynamic simulations. Our derivation emphasizes space-time symmetry, which sheds light on the role of time-parallel transport in eliminating-without approximation-all but an O(n) band of entries of the physical system's energy Hessian. The result is a fast, unified, implicit treatment of viscous threads and elastic rods that closely reproduces a variety of fascinating physical phenomena, including hysteretic transitions between coiling regimes, competition between surface tension and gravity, and the first numerical fluidmechanical sewing machine. The novel implicit treatment also yields an order of magnitude speedup in our elastic rod dynamics.

Many textiles do not noticeably stretch under their own weight. Unfortunately, for better performance many cloth solvers disregard this fact. We propose a method to obtain very low strain along the warp and weft direction using Constrained Lagrangian Mechanics and a novel fast projection method. The resulting algorithm acts as a velocity filter that easily integrates into existing simulation code.

Figure 1: Experiment and simulation: A simple (trefoil) knot tied on an elastic rope can be turned into a number of fascinating shapes when twisted. Starting with a twist-free knot (left), we observe both continuous and discontinuous changes in the shape, for both directions of twist. Using our model of Discrete Elastic Rods, we are able to reproduce experiments with high accuracy. AbstractWe present a discrete treatment of adapted framed curves, parallel transport, and holonomy, thus establishing the language for a discrete geometric model of thin flexible rods with arbitrary cross section and undeformed configuration. Our approach differs from existing simulation techniques in the graphics and mechanics literature both in the kinematic description-we represent the material frame by its angular deviation from the natural Bishop frameas well as in the dynamical treatment-we treat the centerline as dynamic and the material frame as quasistatic. Additionally, we describe a manifold projection method for coupling rods to rigidbodies and simultaneously enforcing rod inextensibility. The use of quasistatics and constraints provides an efficient treatment for stiff twisting and stretching modes; at the same time, we retain the dynamic bending of the centerline and accurately reproduce the coupling between bending and twisting modes. We validate the discrete rod model via quantitative buckling, stability, and coupled-mode experiments, and via qualitative knot-tying comparisons. Elegant model of elastic rodsWe build on a representation of elastic rods introduced for purposes of analysis by Langer and Singer [1996], arriving at a reduced coordinate formulation with a minimal number of degrees of freedom for extensible rods that represents the centerline of the rod explicitly and represents the material frame using only a scalar variable ( §4.2). Like other reduced coordinate models, this avoids the need for stiff constraints that couple the material frame to the centerline, yet unlike other (e.g., curvature-based) reduced coordinate models, the explicit centerline representation facilitates collision handling and rendering. Efficient quasistatic treatment of material frameWe additionally emphasize that the speed of sound in elastic rods is much faster for twisting waves than for bending waves. While this has long been established, to the best of our knowledge it has not been used to simulate general elastic rods. Since in most applications the slower waves are of interest, we treat the material frame quasistatically ( §5). When we combine this assumption with our reduced coordinate representation, the resulting equations of motion ( §7) become very straightforward to implement and efficient to execute. Geometry of discrete framed curves and their connectionsBecause our derivation is based on the concepts of DDG, our discrete model retains very distinctly the geometric structure of the smooth setting-in particular, that of parallel transport and the forces induced by the variation of holonomy ( §6). We introduce

Figure 1: Semantic deformation transfer learns a correspondence between poses of two characters from example meshes and synthesizes new poses of the target character from poses of the source character. In this example, given five corresponding poses of two characters (left), our system creates new poses of the bottom character (right) from four poses of the top character. AbstractTransferring existing mesh deformation from one character to another is a simple way to accelerate the laborious process of mesh animation. In many cases, it is useful to preserve the semantic characteristics of the motion instead of its literal deformation. For example, when applying the walking motion of a human to a flamingo, the knees should bend in the opposite direction. Semantic deformation transfer accomplishes this task with a shape space that enables interpolation and projection with standard linear algebra. Given several example mesh pairs, semantic deformation transfer infers a correspondence between the shape spaces of the two characters. This enables automatic transfer of new poses and animations.

Finite element solvers are a basic component of simulation applications; they are common in computer graphics, engineering, and medical simulations. Although adaptive solvers can be of great value in reducing the often high computational cost of simulations they are not employed broadly. Indeed, building adaptive solvers can be a daunting task especially for 3D finite elements. In this paper we are introducing a new approach to produce conforming, hierarchical, adaptive refinement methods (CHARMS). The basic principle of our approach is to refine basis functions, not elements. This removes a number of implementation headaches associated with other approaches and is a general technique independent of domain dimension (here 2D and 3D), element type (e.g., triangle, quad, tetrahedron, hexahedron), and basis function order (piecewise linear, higher order B-splines, Loop subdivision, etc.). The (un-)refinement algorithms are simple and require little in terms of data structure support. We demonstrate the versatility of our new approach through 2D and 3D examples, including medical applications and thin-shell animations.