The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between quality and expense of cleaning service in universities. The research of expenses and specification of cleaning work order was conducted at 14 national and private universities. Results are as follows: 1) As far as cleaning expense per square meter is concerned, that of private universities is twice and more than that of national universities.2) In terms of N University, there is a big difference between cleaning service scope and frequency in each department. 3) High frequency of cleaning work causes cleanness. However, it's not necessarily to enhance performance level even if expense of cleaning increases.

This study is aimed to consider the regenerative method viewed from the relationship between the housing stock and the distribution of facilities in and around Kozoji Newtown. As the results we found that more people tend to live around the Newtown because more numbers of commercial facilities has been located around rather than within the Newtown. It causes that the Newtown has remained an only residential town because facility location is legally or as some rules restricted in the most of the areas except the center area. Therefore we consider that it is important to give each area some added value and attractiveness by promoting commercial use in UR rental housing blocks or detached housing areas in order to increase the numbers of new residents in the Newtown.

This paper examines nursery school children's walking behavior and related street space. The research methods used include a questionnaire administered to childcare workers, a study of walking routes, and an observation and analysis to understand the relationship between children's walking behavior and the street environment. What elements in street space are they related to, where are these elements found, and how are they related? Focusing on their relations to physical and social environments, this paper tries to understand children's walking behavior, related problems, and characteristics of the street environment where active behavior is observed. The paper could provide ways to evaluate the street environment.

No abstract

This research aims to construct a total building "commissioning" process that is currently underdeveloped in the architectural planning and design field and clarify its value through practical cases of total building commissioning at a university research facility. We organized and verified lifecycle commissioning from the predesign phase to the occupancy and operation phase. We then analyzed the examination items and the examination flow in architectural commissioning by organizing all the documents on related subjects, including programming and design requirements. In addition, we surveyed participants regarding their attitudes about the commissioning and determined that attitudes varied because of differences in status.

There are many problems about maintenance management method of facilities in national university, because of increase of old facilities and reduction of budget for repair. The purpose of this study is to grasp the present situation about inspection and evaluation of facilities. By analyzing, a planned system had been taken in both stages of inspection and evaluation in many large universities. On the other hand, there were some cases for carrying out unique method in some universities and colleges. However, the situation that maintenance was non-planed became clear both stages in university of education and college of science and technology.

Chinese housing complexes usually have closed boundaries surrounding each site, which causes traffic issues because the streets in housing complexes cannot be used as public roads. However, such boundaries may help to promote residents' open space use in the complex. This study proposes a boundary improvement plan that balances these two needs. First, we clarified and categorized the physical characteristics of the boundary. Then We determined residents' activities by analyzing their sense of personal belonging in the open space and surrounding streets. After analyzing the relationship between the two above-mentioned aspects, we considered certain elements necessary for better boundary planning.

This study is aimed to consider about appropriate location of facilities viewed from the relationship between planned facilities and naturally occurring facilities in Kozoji NT. We investigate the distribution and the transition of both facilities in each region within the NT and at the same time get the opinions about the facilities in the residential area among facility owners, the users and the inhabitants through the questionnaire survey and interviews with them.The results we found are as follows.1. Supply of groceries and daily necessities are most demanding around inhabitants' homes because most of planned neighboring centers were not constructed.2. Particularly young generation feels disappointed with service contents and assortment of facilities around their homes.3. Naturally occurring small restaurants, cultural classrooms and medical facilities have become a place of communication and purpose in life among the inhabitants.Therefore we need to make the legal and UR Agency's regulations of the facility location less strict in the residential areas.