Structural birth defects in the kidney and urinary tract are observed in 0.5% of live births and are a major cause of end-stage renal disease, but their genetic aetiology is not well understood. Here we analyse 135 lines of mice identified in large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen and show that 29% of mutations causing congenital heart disease (CHD) also cause renal anomalies. The renal anomalies included duplex and multiplex kidneys, renal agenesis, hydronephrosis and cystic kidney disease. To assess the clinical relevance of these findings, we examined patients with CHD and observed a 30% co-occurrence of renal anomalies of a similar spectrum. Together, these findings demonstrate a common shared genetic aetiology for CHD and renal anomalies, indicating that CHD patients are at increased risk for complications from renal anomalies. This collection of mutant mouse models provides a resource for further studies to elucidate the developmental link between renal anomalies and CHD.
Experimental work was carried out in order to determine the usefulness of the 2-alkylcyclobutanones as markers for irradiated Camembert cheese, salmon meat, mango and papaya. Both 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-TCB) were readily detected in Camembert cheese even after storage for 26 days at 10°C. A linear relationship was observed between irradiation dose (0.5±5 kGy) and the amount of cyclobutanone produced in the cheese. 2-DCB and 2-TCB were both identi®ed in salmon meat irradiated in either the chilled (4°C) or frozen state (À40°C), although it was noted that less 2-DCB was measured in the frozen samples. A linear response to increasing irradiation dose was demonstrated for salmon over the experimental range of 1±10 kGy. 2-TCB was identi®ed as the main marker for irradiated mango and could be detected in samples following storage for 14 days at 10°C at doses as low as 0.1 kGy. As for the other products investigated, the concentration of this cyclobutanone increased linearly with increasing dose (0.1±2 kGy). With regard to papaya, 2-DCB was identi®ed as the principal irradiation marker. However, the concentration of this cyclobutanone decreased signi®cantly with time, so that by day 21 of storage at 10°C it could only be detected at the 2 kGy dose level. 2-Tetradecenylcyclobutanone (2-TDCB) was also detected in irradiated mango and papaya.
Adolescents with depression are at risk for negative long-term consequences and recurrence of depression. Many do not receive nor access treatment, especially Latino youth. New treatment approaches are needed. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a stepped collaborative care treatment model (SCIPT-A) for adolescents with depression utilizing interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT-A) and antidepressant medication (if needed) compared to Enhanced Treatment as Usual (E-TAU) in urban pediatric primary care clinics serving primarily Latino youth. Results suggest the SCIPT-A model is feasible, acceptable and potentially beneficial for urban Latino adolescents. Clinicians delivered the SCIPT-A model with fidelity using supervision successfully implemented in a community setting.
Non-HTX CHD infants with abnormal CM showed increased postoperative morbidity associated with poor respiratory outcomes. In contrast, low nNO correlated with reduced hemodynamic function. These findings suggest screening for abnormal CM may allow perioperative interventions to reduce pulmonary morbidities. Whether low nNO may prognosticate poor hemodynamic function warrants further investigation.
Frozen whole tail sections of pink shrimp (Pandalus montagui), tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), king prawn (Penaeus plebejus) and Mediterranean crevette (Palaernon serratus) were defrosted overnight and either irradiated the following day with doses of 1, 3 and 5 kGy or left unirradiated. Following irradiation the samples were stored for 0, 7, 14 or 21 days at 1°C after which the cuticle was removed, freeze-dried and ground prior to derivation of the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The shape of the ESR signals derived from the irradiated cuticle of the four species were not identical. Subtraction of an average control spectrum from each species from that induced in the corresponding irradiated samples resulted in the isolation of a number of free radical peaks, the heights of which were measured and the sum of the values used as a measure of signal intensity. Both the irradiation dose and length of storage had a highly significant effect on signal intensity. The signal derived from the cuticle of the Mediterranean crevette was the most stable. The isolated radiation-induced signals from all four species given 3 and 5 kGy were detectable in samples stored at 1°C for at last 14 days.
Background and Purpose-Microembolic signals (MES) found on transcranial Doppler range from harmless air bubbles to large, solid, particulate emboli from the heart and large vessels. The presence of MES is not always associated with poor clinical outcome. The purpose of our study was to determine whether the relative energy index of MES measured by power M-mode Doppler can distinguish malignant from benign MES and to identify patients with worse prognosis. Methods-We prospectively collected transcranial Doppler emboli monitoring data from patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis presenting with TIA or ischemic stroke. For each patient, we calculated the relative energy index of MES and categorized those Ͼ1.0 as malignant MES. We compared the clinical characteristics, number, and volume of diffusion-weighted imaging lesions, and degree of stenosis and plaque characteristics on CT angiogram of patients with malignant and benign MES. Results-We enrolled 92 patients, 29 with TIA and 63 with stroke, within 48 hours of symptom onset. Twenty-six patients had a total of 319 MES; of these, 82.4% were benign and were 17.6% malignant. Malignant MES traveled further within intracranial vessels than benign MES. The 9 patients with Ͼ1 malignant MES had significantly larger baseline diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume, had a higher prevalence of intraluminal thrombus on CT angiogram of the neck and plaque ulceration, and were more likely to have a poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Score Ն2) than those with benign MES (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.47-28.68). The presence of malignant MES led to the institution of more aggressive secondary prevention measures.
Conclusions-Power
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