Even in cases of HCC ≤ 2 cm, patients who are suspected of having invasive gross type tumors in preoperative imaging diagnosis or who have a high DCP level (>100 mAU/ml) are at risk for MI. Therefore, in such patients, hepatic resection with a wide tumor margin should be recommended.

Hepatic resections for HCC ≥ 10 cm are safe and efficacious. Minimizing intra-operative blood loss and the establishment of an effective systemic treatment for patients with HCC ≥ 10 cm in T4 appear to be critical.

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