The surface tension of the aqueous solution of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) and decylammonium chloride (DeAC) mixture was measured as a function of the total molality and composition of the surfactants at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. To make clear the miscibility of surfactants, the compositions in the mixed adsorbed film and micelle were calculated by use of the thermodynamic equations developed previously. The results indicated that both adsorbed film and micelle are richer in DTAC molecules than the bulk solution. Furthermore, the composition in the adsorbed film at the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was evaluated and compared with that in the micelle. It was found that the composition of DeAC in the micelle is smaller than that in the adsorbed film. This forms a striking contrast to the previous observation of dodecylammonium chloride (DAC)–DeAC mixture. It was concluded that the structure and size of polar head group of surfactants have a significant influence on the miscibility of surfactants.
SUMMARYIn a scenario-based software development, a lot of scenarios should be described in order to clarify the whole behaviors of the target software. By reusing scenarios of similar software systems, it becomes more efficient to newly describe scenarios of the target software. A differential scenario includes the difference between sequences of events of the two scenarios and the difference between nouns in the scenarios. If the nouns of the two scenarios are commonly used in the two scenarios, we regard the two scenarios specify the same or similar system. If the sequences of the events of the two scenarios are corresponding each other, we regard behavior of the two scenarios are similar. In this paper, we derive differential information including different words and events from two scenarios. Then, we propose a method of scenario retrieval using differential information between two scenarios. This method enables to detect similar scenarios for a given scenario. The proposed retrieval method and a prototype system for creating and visualizing differential scenario will be illustrated with examples. key words: scenario retrieval, differential scenario, scenario-based requirements elicitation
A general practice with the operation of otoshi ami, the most prevalent type of trap nets in this country, is to provide two units of the net, each one serving under water from 10 to 60 days after the other (Fig. 2). The procedure will be repeated all through the season so that the net fabrics may be protected from deterioration. However, a close obser vation would reveal that the strength of thread woven into the fishing net gradually declines with the lapse of time until reaching beyond a minimum of utility when the life of the net comes to an end. In this regard it should be reminded here that in case of synthetic fiber nets having gained prevalence, the threads presumably have not to be so strong as natural fiber threads, as the former is more durable than the latter. For that reason it is important for designing and operating a net to know the minimum strength of various net materials in c luding both natural and synthetic fibers.
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