The specific surface free energy of ruby and quartz single crystal was experimentally obtained using contact angle of water and formamide droplets on the crystal surfaces, and compared with the morphology of each crystal. The ruby crystals satisfied Wulff's relationship even though their shape were not equilibrium form. The specific surface free energies of the growing faces of synthetic quartz crystal, -X, +X, Z, and S faces were obtained as 51.9, 55.6, 57.4, and 58.9 mN/m, respectively. The growth rates of these faces were 0.09, 0.23, 0.28, and 0.33 mm/day, respectively. The growth rate of each face of the quartz crystal can be regarded as a function of the experimentally obtained specific surface free energy.
Contact angles of water and formamide droplets on a ruby crystal grown from MoO3 flux were determined. The specific surface free energies of the () and (0001) faces, calculated using the Fowkes approximation, were 48 ± 1 and 65 ± 1 mN m−1, respectively. The length of the normal lines from the center of the crystal to () and (0001) faces were 1.06 and 1.45 mm, respectively. The relationship between the specific surface free energy and the morphology of the crystal satisfies Wulff’s relationship.
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