Objective: Cancer is one of the most common life-threatening diseases and a great source of stress in patients. The risk factors of depression differ in elder people compared to other age groups. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms and demographic-medical characteristics among elder people with cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study recruited 200 elder people with cancer. The eligible patients completed the demographic-medical characteristics questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Abbreviated Mental Test, the Activities of Daily Living Scale, and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale. The findings were analyzed in SPSS software version 21.0 using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: A total of 50% of the elder people in this study had mild depression, 18.5% had moderate depression, and 2.5% had severe depression. A significant relationship was observed between depression in the elder people and their marital status ( P = 0.025), living arrangement ( P = 0.013), and income ( P = 0.021). Depression also had a significant relationship with diabetes ( P = 0.044) and respiratory diseases ( P = 0.040). A significant relationship was also observed between depression and colon cancer ( P = 0.007), and the mean depression was lower in the patients with colon cancer compared to those with other cancers. Depression had a significant relationship with complications, including pain ( P = 0.001), nausea ( P < 0.001), vomiting ( P = 0.001), hair loss ( P < 0.001), and shortness of breath ( P = 0.028). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of depression in this age group, screening and counseling-supportive interventions are recommended for helping prevent depression and come to terms with cancer.
Introduction: Little is known about characteristics of loneliness among rural and urban older people. The purpose of this study was to determine Loneliness comparison and its related factors between urban and rural elderly people. Method: In this descriptive study, 280 community dowelling elderly people were selected by systematic random sampling method in Behshahr city in 2018. Data were gathered using Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) questionnaire, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Index (IADL), and the Medical-Demographic questionnaire. Data were Analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software using descriptive statistics, via the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Multiple Linear regression with stepwise analysis. Results: The mean of Loneliness score for the urban and rural elderly were 33.00 ± 8.34 and 33.57 ± 9.89, respectively. There was no significantly relationship between total loneliness score among urban and rural elderly, however emotional score was significantly more among rural elderly compared to urban elders (P = 0.033). According to the multivariate linear regression analysis results, marital status had the most strongly affected on the sense of loneliness among both urban and rural elders. Conclusion: Regarding the high incidence of loneliness in the elderly, Perforrming more studies and designing educational, consulting, and supportive interventions is suggested, in order to prevent of loneliness and its adverse outcomes.
Background and Purpose: Changing the physical activity pattern is an important factor in reducing mortality and increasing longevity. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on physical activity of elderly people. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 elderly people from two rural health centers in Ghaemshahr city were selected and assigned to intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. The elderly in the intervention group received 4 training sessions of 30 to 45 minutes in a month, while the control group did not receive such training. Before and one month after the intervention, Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) questionnaire was completed by both groups. The collected data were analyzed using chi square, paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test and ANCOVA. Results: The mean total score of RAPA, before intervention, in the control group was significantly higher than the intervention group (P = 0.017). However, after the intervention, the mean total score in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.001). One month after the intervention, the mean of the RAPA score in the intervention group significantly changed from 2.1 to 4.95 (P <0.001), however, the mean change in the RAPA score in the control group (from 2.4 to 2.5) was not significant (P = 0.352). Conclusion: Given the effect of educational intervention on the physical activity of the elderly, the design of such educational interventions is recommended.
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