Aims: To reveal the pattern and trend of cancer in a predominantly rural population in Nigeria and compare the findings with those of earlier researches across the world. Study Design: A descriptive retrospective analysis of all cancer cases seen among surgical specimens in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. The cancer cases are classified according to the organ/tissue involved and the data obtained were analysed using SPSS (version 25). Place and Duration of Study: The Department of Anatomic Pathology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; between January 2011 and December 2020. Results: A total of 9,058 histologic samples were reviewed out of which 1,474 (16.27%) were cancer cases. The yearly number of cancer cases increased from 85 in 2011, to 258 over the next 10-year study period. At variance with WHO 2020 GLOBOCAN worldwide estimates, the common cancer types seen in this study (both sexes combined) were prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and non-melanoma skin cancer, in decreasing frequencies. The peak age of occurrence was the 7th decade while the mean age was 54.21 years, and the gender-specific mean ages for males and females were 59.92 years and 49.44 years respectively. The male to female ratio was 1:1.2 and males are more likely to be diagnosed of cancer approximately 10 years later than their female counterparts. Conclusion: Many of the findings in this study are similar to those of previous researches across the country. It is our hope that the findings in this study would contribute to national data and be found useful in efforts to build a more inclusive and robust national system of cancer registration.
Background: Coronavirus disease had a devastating effect on the World, with significant disruption in healthcare, the burgeoning impact is still unfolding. The inequities and fragilities amongst nations particularly low and medium economic countries whose patients are dependent on out of pocket expenditure to access healthcare, has occasioned varied consequence of the pandemic on patients in the health care setting and it has reshaped how health care is practiced. Aims: The aim of this review article was to assess the impact of Coronavirus disease on health care utilization by non -COVID patient during the pandemic. Methods: The review article was carried out with a search engine focused on articles related to impact of Coronavirus disease published between December 2019 till date, which were identified and reviewed. Conclusion: The review article gave an insight to the significant disruptions in health care services amongst patients witnessed across countries of the world, the disparities in the disruptions were due to heterogeneity amongst nations, national policies and health policies during the pandemic and the socioeconomic realities that ensued. Outpatient services witnessed varying reduction across the globe ranging between 30-50%. Sub-Saharan Africa witnessed disruption as much as 50% depending on load of COVID-19 infection amongst populace. The reason for the interruptions across the world was the fear of contracting the disease, access to health care setting due to lock down and shortage of health care personnel, in addition in sub-Saharan Africa, the economic down turn occasioned by the pandemic reduced household income which in turn reduced expenditure on health since most countries were dependent on out of pocket expenditure to fund health care services. In-patient care was also not spared of the disruptions witnessed even though emergency care was prioritized. Overall, there was a reported reduction in admissions for respiratory diseases due to non- pharmacological measures aimed at stemming COVID-19 infection which was equally effective for other respiratory diseases. In some countries like United States the reduction in hospital admissions was paralleled by increasing mortality particularly amongst Hispanic blacks as more acute and severe cases were deemed to have presented for admissions. Surgical priority was maintaining emergency services and prioritization of cancer care, there was a measurable reduction in surgical procedures as elective surgeries were postponed or cancelled. Most laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures were cancelled because of the perceived notion that they are aerosol generating and could increase transmission of COVID-19 infection from asymptomatic carriers, however US jettisoned cancellation of its surgical procedures after 35 days considering that it could not cope. The psychosocial impact of the pandemic and health care access spiraled into increasing anxiety and depression for both health care workers and patients, while the fear of stigmatization was rife from contracting the disease. The consensus therefore was to strengthen adaptive measures and reconfigure health care to mitigate this impact in future pandemic, while allowing telehealth to take center stage.
Introduction coronavirus disease is caused by a respiratory virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). It has assumed a health burden worldwide; hence it was declared a public health emergency of international concern. The pandemic has affected all health related disciplines; urology practice is not spared. It has also had its toll on socioeconomic life. The study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of patients visiting outpatient urology clinic on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods this is a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of patients visiting outpatient urology clinic on COVID-19. All patients aged 18 years and above who consented were included. Association between independent variables (social demographic characteristics) and dependent variables (knowledge and practice) using Fisher´s exact, while predictors of dependent variables were assessed using logistics regression model. Results a total of 154 respondents participated. Majority of respondents (50.0%) were between 60 and 69 years. Male constitute 90.3% of respondent. Majority, 65% of respondent had good knowledge while (80%) adopted good practice towards preventing COVID-19. There was an association between age and practice of preventive measure (p = 0.032). There were no predictors of knowledge and practice of preventive measures towards coronavirus disease amongst the socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion concerted efforts should be made at educating the populace on knowledge, good practices across socio-demographic groups on COVID-19, particularly at the Hospital. Measures should be in place to develop Tele-health as this would improve response at curtailing coronavirus disease and improve health care.
Introduction: Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate. The pain of prostate biopsy is of immense challenge. Many factors have been ascribed to it. Identifying such risk factors will assist in mitigating the pain associated with this procedure. This study therefore aims to assess the role of histopathological outcome on pain of TRUS guided prostate biopsy. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized study carried out in University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 1year period between 2017 and 2018. Consecutive patients who met indications for biopsy were randomized into Group A: intrarectal xylocaine gel group and Group B: periprostatic block group. Pain was assessed during probe insertion, biopsy and one hour post biopsy using an 11-point visual analogue scale. Association between mean pain scores and histological diagnosis in both groups was assessed using the independent t- test, association between use of intrarectal xylocain gel, periprostatic block was done using the independent t-test. Level of significance set at p <0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in mean pain score during probe insertion, biopsy and post biopsy (p=0.3888), (p=0.089) and (p=0.584) respectively between benign and malignant histological diagnosis for Group A, while there was also no statistically significant difference in mean pain score during probe insertion, biopsy and post biopsy (p=0.266), (p=0.506) and (p=0.522) respectively between benign and malignant histological diagnosis in Group B. Cancer detection rate for Group A and Group B was 64.3% and 59.1% respectively, which was not statistically significant p=0.662. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that pain of TRUS guided prostate biopsy is not influenced by histopathological outcome irrespective of mode of anaesthesia. Cancer detection rate was also not influenced by choice of anaesthesia during TRUS guided prostate biopsy.
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