European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is an important driver of ecological processes in spruce stands, with severe effects on forestry economies. To prevent bark beetle outbreaks, early detection of infestations is a crucial step in forest management. It is expected that bark beetle infestation modifies biochemical composition of wood and needles, alters physiological responses in the early stage of infestation, which results in the reduction of tree growth and ultimately a tree death. Therefore, we studied the differences in biochemical composition of wood, content of photosynthesis-related pigments, shoot morphology, and growth between the healthy Siberian spruce trees (Picea obovata) and trees which were infested by I. typographus. The study was performed in five experimental plots established in the south of the Udmurt Republic in the European part of the Russian Federation. Three infested and three non-infested trees were chosen on each plot. Our results showed no significant effect of bark beetle infestation on the content of main structural components of wood – holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin. On the other hand, we found differences in the content of extractive substances in the wood. Specifically, we found a higher tannin content in the non-infested trees. The content of photosynthesis-related pigments differed between the non-infested and infested trees as well. Unexpectedly, bark beetle infestation caused the overproduction of both pigment types rather than their degradation. Moreover, we observed that a higher amount of total extractive substances positively affected the incremental growth, whereas tannins supported the growth of shoots and needles.
The process of forest death covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Due to the deterioration of the sanitary condition of forest areas, harmful organisms are becoming more active, where the most dangerous pest is Ips typographus. The aim of the work was to study the chemical structure of spruce wood in samples of various living conditions in the zones of active reproduction of bark beetles.The research studies the biochemical composition of Píceao bovata wood within the places of Ips typographus development (bythe example of the Udmurt Republic). The research was carried out within the European part of the Russian Federation, the Udmurt Republic region. The republic area is 42 thousand km2. A total of 15 sample plots were laid out and more than 8,000 trees were analyzed. It was revealed that in the subtaiga zone, the processes of death of spruce stands are observed.
The process of forest destruction is very dynamic and covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern hemisphere. Against the background of deterioration of the sanitary condition of plantings, pathogenic organisms are activated. The article presents materials on the study of the chemical composition of wood of individuals of different life States of Pícea obovata Ledeb. In the context of IPS typographus L. distribution It is suggested that there is a difference in the chemical structure of wood in individuals of Siberian spruce in places of mass drying, which affects the population of pests. Plants of various life States were studied for the content of water-soluble, resin-like extractives and tannins. The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing. The results of the research revealed that the overall content of extractive substances is influenced by the vital state of individuals and growing conditions. It was found that with the deterioration of the plant condition, there is an increase in extractive substances. The overall increase in extractive substances occurs due to an increase in the group of water-soluble substances, namely tannins. The highest content of all groups of metabolites (including tannins) was observed in individuals of a satisfactory life condition.
The paper presents the results of research on the study of the peculiarities of the biochemical composition of Siberian spruce (Pícea obovata Ledeb.) in the conditions of their mass drying on the territory of the Udmurt Republic. One of the internal mechanisms that are a response to external adverse factors is the strengthening of the formation of secondary metabolites, in particular, tannins. Our results of biochemical analysis of wood showed that the content of extractive substances is closely related to the vital state of trees. The highest content of extractive substances was observed in individuals of good and satisfactory life condition. It is evident that extractive substances in wood play a large role in the adaptive reactions of Siberian spruce, and increasing their production is a response to adverse environmental factors. The study is funded with the support of RFBR grant No. 19-04-00353 A.
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