This paper provides an overview of the practices of the repair, maintenance, and appropriation of locomotives on Russian railways at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, exemplified by a case study of the Ryazan–Uralsk railway. Particular attention has been paid to the function of repair and maintenance in the railway context. Repair and maintenance have therefore been considered complex phenomena bringing together infrastructure, things to be repaired or maintained, and people involved in these actions on the one hand, and field research, innovation and business on the other. Based on a broad range of sources regarding the legal prescriptions, statistics, reports of railway employees to their superiors, financial documentation, and drafts of repaired locomotives, the diversity of the repair and maintenance of locomotives in late imperial Russia is analysed.
The article deals with issues related to crimes committed by minors. Special attention is paid to the issue of the emergence of juvenile delinquency and the reasons that affect its spread. The causes of the emergence of juvenile delinquency, the determination of crime by biological or social factors, the role of the environment in the formation of juvenile criminal behavior and ways to reduce and eradicate youth crime are discussed. The article considers ways to solve problems related to the growth of crimes committed by minors. It is proposed to allocate and legislatively approve "youth crime" as a category of crimes. It includes a group of young people aged 18-24, and is considered a mandatory transition stage between juvenile and "adult" crimes. The article also proposes methods for preventing youth crime and measures to combat it.
Der vorliegende Artikel bietet einen Überblick über aktuelle Tendenzen der Volga German Studies, die ein komplexes heterogenes Forschungsfeld an der Schnittstelle zwischen Geschichte, Theologie, Philologie und Sozialwissenschaften darstellen. Ausgehend von vorhandenen Zugängen zur Geschichte und Kultur der Wolgadeutschen werden Forschungslücken identifiziert und kritisch diskutiert, wobei neue Forschungsfragen auf Grundlage der zugänglichen Archivquellen entwickelt werden. Die in der Forschungsliteratur unterbelichteten Archivquellen werden vorgestellt sowie ihr Wert für interdisziplinäre Forschungen zu den Wolgadeutschen fokussiert. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird auf den Wert von älteren genealogischen, religionsgeschichtlichen und literaturwissenschaftlichen Forschungen für neue interdisziplinäre Fragestellungen gerichtet.
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