Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases are common problems among the elderly population. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is either synthesized by human skin cells under the effect of UV radiation or consumed through diet. Deficiency in vitamin D leads to reduced bone mineral density, osteoporosis, the progression of periodontal diseases and causes resorption to occur in the jawbone. Sufficient intake of vitamin D can decrease the risk of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, as it has been shown to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative effects and initiates cell apoptosis. In addition, vitamin D is also important for bone metabolism, alveolar bone resorption and preventing tooth loss. It increases antibacterial defense of gingival epithelial cells and decrease gingival inflammation, improves postoperative wound healing after periodontal surgery and is an important supplement used as prophylaxis in periodontology. This publication aims to update the recent advances, stress the clinical importance, and evaluate vitamin D in the prevention of periodontal diseases to reach a successful outcome of conservative and surgical treatment. An analysis of the literature shows that vitamin D plays a significant role in maintaining healthy periodontal and jaw bone tissues, alleviating inflammation processes, stimulating post-operative healing of periodontal tissues and the recovery of clinical parameters. However, further research is needed to clarify the required vitamin D concentration in plasma before starting periodontal treatment to achieve the best outcome.
Background: Dentists have become more aware of cementation on implants as there is quite a lot evidence in the literature that undetected cement might cause many clinical problems. It has been agreed that safe cementation margin fulfilling aesthetic demands and ensuring removal is up to 1 mm subgingivally. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information what type of cement should be selected in case of cementation, knowing that cements can differ in removal possibilities and even radiographic contrast. Aim/Hypothesis: The aim of the study is to assess cement excess removal possibilities after cementation of implant-supported cementretained restorations in in vitro study while using different cements and to determine radiographic examination reliability while trying to detect residual cement. Materials and Methods: 1 model with interchangeable gum imitation, 20 individual zirconium dioxide abutments, 20 zirconium dioxide crowns, 2 different cements: RX-resin cement (3M ™ RelyX ™ U200 Self-adhesive Universal Resin Cement, 3M ESPE) and GC-resin modified glass ionomer cement (Ketac ™ Cem Plus Luting Cement, 3M ESPE). Ten crowns were cemented using cement RX, another ten using cement GC, afterwards removal of the cement was performed by the same researcher. Following this procedure, the implant model was examined radiographically. After verifying that no residual cement is noticeable, each crown-abutment unit was detached from the implant analog, was photographed and analyzed in 4 surfaces: labial, mesial, palatal and distal, resulting in a final sample size of 80. Computerized planimetric method in "Adobe Photoshop CS6" were used to detect and evaluate ratio between cement residue and entire crown-abutment unit surface. RStudio IDE and IBM SPSS Statistics v. 23 were used for statistical analysis. Results: Cement GC resulted in 7.4% more cement residue on all surfaces (as evidenced by the extremely low P value, P < 0.05) than cement RX. The p value on L, P, D surfaces was <0.05, meaning that data are significantly different between groups and surfaces, variables are related. When measuring each cement separately, the ratio of residues on the surface D was the highest, M-1.1% lower than D, L-2.3% lower than D and P-the lowest (2.7% lower than D). Twenty x-ray images were made after cementation. Cement residuals were found only once on the mesial surface. This was followed by a re-cleaning and a radiographic re-examination. Planimetric examination showed that residual cement was present on all surfaces of the crowns and implant abutments 100% of cases. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: •Impossible to remove both of the cements excess completely. •More undetected cement remains if using glass ionomer resin modified cement. •Most of the cement (regardless of its type) remains on the distal (D) surface, the least-on the palatal (P) surface. •Radiological examination is not an effective method for detecting residual cement.
Pagrindinis endodontinio gydymo tikslas yra užpildyti dantų šaknų kanalus trimatėje erdvėje, kad išvengtume kanalų reinfekcijos ir apsaugotume viršūninio apydančio audinius. Svarbu paminėti, kad ne tik kanalų apikalinės dalies, bet ir vainikinės dalies sandarumas yra svarbus endodontinio gydymo sėkmei. Šio darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti, susisteminti ir išanalizuoti mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamus duomenis apie endodontijoje naudojamų DŠKMU įtaką SPK retencinėms savybėms. Šioje sisteminėje apžvalgoje išanalizuoti 6 pilno teksto straipsniai. Remiantis atrinktų straipsnių rezultatų duomenimis, galime teigti, kad epoksidinių dervų turintys DŠKMU pasižymi aukštesne retencine jėga nei kitų grupių DŠKMU. Pastebėta, kad aukštesnė retencinė jėga gaunama tada, kai SPK cementuojamas ne iš karto po endodontinio gydymo, o praėjus 7 – 15 dienų, arba 6 mėnesiams. Labiausiai retencinės jėgos praradimui turi įtakos DŠKMU pasirinkimas ir SPK cementavimo laikas, o ne cemento rūšis.
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