In the era of multimodality imaging techniques, functional information represents a remarkable aspect in medical imaging, and nuclear medicine is the technique par excellence for functional information. One of the fi rst applications of radioactive substances in clinical practice is represented by renal disorders, nowadays largely investigated by nuclear medicine examinations. Among the different physiological processes in which kidneys take part, the excretory process is the main renal function undergoing study, basically in keeping with the characteristics of the tracers utilized in renal nuclear medicine. Investigations utilized are variegated, ranging from radioassays to challenging tests, and match with the diagnostic gap left by the other imaging modalities, by becoming in some cases mandatory.Th e aim of this chapter is to give a summarized overview of renal nuclear medicine and its principal clinical indications that clinicians must be aware of.
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