This study aims to identify human uses and activities in the watershed Aghien lagoon in nine rural communities located downstream, near the lagoon in rural area, and upstream of the lagoon in the urban area. A sample of two thousand two hundred fifty eight (2258) households is selected by the cluster sampling technique to three degrees. To these persons, a survey was administered. An interview guide was submitted to the various economic operators of these areas. The results show that the lagoon is used by localities near the lagoon for the dishes, laundry, bathing and swimming for more than 80% of households. This resource is also used for fishing, transport, irrigation, consumption and defecation but at low levels and as a receptacle for garbage. In the villages bordering the lagoon, the main economic activity is agriculture, unlike trade in upstream urban areas.
Given the environmental concerns and public health risks that could arise, the use of composting toilets by-products requires compliance with quality standards beforehand. However, such quality assessment is often lacking for those by-products in rapidly urbanizing sub-Saharan cities. This study examines the kinetics of major mineral nutrients [i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are among the key indicators of a compost's stability] during a composting process of fecal matters from composting toilets. The monitoring was carried out at Abobo-Sagbé, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire over a 4. day from the start of the composting process) were analyzed, and screened for their contents in total N, total P and K. Results showed a rapid decrease of the content of all three elements during the first 29 days, followed by a sharp increase, especially for P and K, and then a quite stable variation during the last 2 months of the monitoring. Variations of C/N ratio during the study were similar to those reported previously. Although the proportions of P and K were satisfactory at the end of the monitoring period, the final C/N European Scientific Journal December 2017 edition Vol.13, No.36 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 178 ratio was relatively high compared to suitable ratios characterizing mature composts, suggesting therefore additional time may be required before any use of the compost as fertilizer in agriculture.
Wastewaters discharged into surface waters highly impacted humans and living aquatic organisms particularly when the treatment applied to reduce chemical and biological pollution is not appropriated. Biological treatment systems are often applied for the treatment of domestic wastewaters. These systems are limited when applied to the treatment of hospital wastewaters. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of natural lagoon system, applied to treat combined wastewaters from hospital and from residences of nursing students. Results show that the lagoon system remove 98% of COD, 87% of BOD, 95% of TSS and 92% of total nitrogen. Arsenic and copper are removed (40%), but lead and cadmium concentrations increase in the effluent. Globally, the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals, in the effluents, are inferiors to the limit values proposed by the Ivorian guidelines for water pollution. However, the reuse of effluents for irrigation of crops likely to be eaten uncooked is not recommended because of the high concentration of fecal bacteria (1.00 x 10 5 CFU E. coli. 100 mL -1 . The disinfection process must be implemented after biological treatment to ensure the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms present in the effluent and sludge, before their reuse in agriculture.
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