The article presents magnetoliposomes as potential carriers of doxorubicin. The magnetic properties of nanoparticles embedded in liposomes enable the targeting of drug-loaded carriers to cancer cells and subsequent release of their payload using an external alternating magnetic field as a trigger. The cytotoxicity of empty and doxorubicin-loaded magnetoliposomes in the absence and after exposure to magnetic field was evaluated in cancerous and normal breast cells. The characteristic shows the carrier with size distribution < 130 nm, slightly negative zeta potential and polydispersity index < 0.2. Doxorubicin was encapsulated in magnetoliposomes with an efficiency of 31 % and released in the presence of an alternating magnetic field at 50 %. Magnetoliposomes with drug provided high cytotoxic effect on tumor cells and low cytotoxic effect on normal cells. The research conducted in this article may indicate the potential application of the studied magnetoliposomes in release of drugs under the influence of magnetic field in cancer cells.
The authors of this chapter point out that, although liposomal vesicles are widely used in cancer drug delivery systems, their limitations are also known. Therefore, more recently, new developments in modifications of liposomes have rapidly appeared to improve their parameters, including the maintenance of drugs in their structure, accumulation in target sites, and the active mechanism of drug release. Research on the effectiveness of existing liposomal carriers through their functionalization, allowed to propose a promising candidate for multifunctional nanoplatform based on liposomes and magnetic nanoparticles called magnetoliposomes. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles makes it possible to magnetically direct the liposomal carrier to the specific site, and appropriate magnetic field parameters can lead to controlled disintegration of the vesicle and release of the drug. The increasing variety of suggested platforms constantly provides new variants in the structure and mechanism of drug release, which enable the adjustment of the carrier’s characteristics to the specific needs of cancer therapy.
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