Marine debris is all material in the solids form that could not be found naturally (is a product of human activities) in the territorial waters (oceans, beaches) and could threat directly to the conditions and productivity of the territorial waters. Marine debris is defined by UNEP (2009) as solid material that is difficult to decompose, plant or processed results are discarded or left in marine and coastal environments. Marine debris consists of goods used by humans and deliberately disposed to the sea. Marine debris can be transported with ocean currents and winds from one place to another, even being able to travel long distances from the source. Common waste problems encountered in urban areas in Southeast Asian countries, as populations grew, followed by increased revenues potential garbage and various types of garbage produced. Marine debris classified as Meso and Macro trash with size > 5 mm to 1 m. Marine debris observation is carried out by modifying the method of coastline survey methods based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2013). There are some important things to be prepared before doing the observation that was stranded in coastal areas such as the selection of observation locations, materials needed for observation and time observation. Based on the results of the research of marine debris samples obtained at the research site there are 2 characteristics of marine debris namely of macro flakes collected in twelve transect as much as 341 grains, while meso-debris contains as many as 94 goods. Also the debris with a category of micro-debris as many as 46 items with a total of 481 items and total weight total 1433.38 gr/m2.Keywords: Marine debris, Tongkaina, Talawaan Bajo Sampah laut atau marine debris adalah semua material berbentuk padatan yang tidak dijumpai secara alami (merupakan produk kegiatan manusia) di wilayah perairan (lautan, pantai) dan dapat memberikan ancaman secara langsung terhadap kondisi dan produktivitas wilayah perairan. Sampah laut, didefiniskan oleh UNEP (2009) sebagai bahan padat yang sulit terurai, hasil pabrik atau olahan yang dibuang atau dibiarkan di lingkungan laut dan pesisir. Sampah lautan dapat ditransport oleh arus laut dan angin dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya, bahkan dapat menempuh jarak yang sangat jauh dari sumbernya. Permasalahan sampah umum dihadapi pada daerah perkotaan di negara Asia Tenggara, seiring meningkatnya jumlah penduduk, diikuti peningkatan pendapatan, sehingga mengakibatkan meningkatnya potensi timbulan sampah perkapita dan beragamnya jenis sampah yang dihasilkan (Nguyen & Schnitzer, 2009). Sampah laut ditelaah adalah yang tergolong sampah meso dan makro dengan ukuran > 5 mm sampai 1 m. Pengamatan sampah dilakukan dengan modifikasi metode shoreline survey methodology berdasarkan National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA (2013). Ada beberapa hal yang penting untuk disiapkan sebelum melakukan pengamatan sampah yang terdampar di daerah pantai seperti pemilihan lokasi pengamatan, bahan yang di perlukan untuk pengamatan dan waktu pengamatan. Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian sampel sampah laut yang diperoleh di lokasi penelitian terdapat 2 karakteristik sampah laut yaitu makro-debris yang dikumpulkan pada dua belas transek sebanyak 341 item, sedangkan meso-debris terdapat sebanyak 94 item, serta ditemukan juga sampah dengan kategori mikro-debris sebanyak 46 item dengan total keseluruhan 481 item dan berat total keseluruhan 1433,38 gr/m2. Kata Kunci: Sampah laut, Tongkaina, Talawaan Bajo
The coastal region is the transitional area between the terrestrial and marine environment that has a great change of experiencing pressure due to pollution. This matter can caused by the strong population of Indonesia, quite high tourist activities, sea transportations, and large infra structure development. Marine debris in particular plastic is a big problem, not only in Indonesia, but also around the world. Hence, Indonesia is considered to be the second largest plastic waste producer in the world. Marine debris is part of a broader problem regarding waste management. Solid waste management has become a challenge for public health. In this research, garbage observation was done by adapting the shoreline survey method based on the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (NOAA, 2013). The results of observations of the research found that the type of macro-debris and meso-debris collected in the transect of observations were 228 items with a total weight of 2062.32 grams. Plastics debris were found in most quantities followed by rubbers, glasses and metals. The main factor for the abundance of marine debris in the coastal area of Tateli dua village Mandolang subdistrict Minahasa regency was the household waste, indicating that land-based sources provide a key factor for plastic pollution on the coastal area. Keywords: Marine debris, shoreline survey, pollution, coastal environment, Minahasa regency. AbstrakWilayah pesisir yang merupakan sumber daya potensial di Indonesia, adalah daerah peralihan antara daratan dan lautan. Sumber daya ini sangat besar yang didukung oleh adanya garis pantai sepanjang sekitar 81.000 km. Garis pantai yang panjang ini menyimpan potensi kekayaan sumber alam yang besar.Potensi itu diantaranya potensi non hayati dan hayati. Disamping potensi sumberdaya alam yang tersebar luas di pesisir Indonesia, potensi pencemaran terhadap lingkungan pesisir dan laut pun memiliki peluang yang cukup besar.Peluang ini dapat disebabkan oleh padatnya penduduk Indonesia, aktivitas wisata yang cukup tinggi termasuk transportasi, dan pembangunan yang besar.Sampah laut khususnya plastik merupakan masalah besar, bukan hanya di Indonesia, tetapi di seluruh dunia.Indonesia juga dianggap sebagai produsen sampah plastik ke laut terbesar kedua di dunia.Sampah laut merupakan bagian dari masalah yang lebih luas terkait pengelolaan sampah.Pengelolaan sampah padat telah menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat.Pengamatan sampah dilakukan dengan adaptasi metode shoreline survey methodology berdasarkan National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA, 2013). Hasil pengamatan di lokasi penelitian di temukan jenis sampah makro-debris dan meso-debris yang dikumpulkan pada transek pengamatan sebanyak228 item dengan bobot total 2062,32 gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plastik debris ditemukan dalam jumlah terbanyak diikuti oleh karet, kaca dan logam. Faktor utama penyebab kelimpahan sampah laut di Pantai Tumpaan Desa Tateli Dua, Kecamatan Mandolang, Kabupaten Minahasa adalah sampah aktivitas penduduk yang menunjukkan bahwa sumber-sumber berbasis lahan menyediakan input utama untuk polusi plastik di pantai tersebut. Kata Kunci: Sampah laut, survey garis pantai, pencemaran, lingkungan pesisir, Kabupaten Minahasa
Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Pengaruh pupuk NPK [nitrogen, fosfor, kalium] terhadap pertumbuhan dan penanggulangan penyakit ‘white spot’ pada rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii This study aimed to analyze the effect of NPK fertilizer absorption on the growth of seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and the white spot disease prevention. This study could become a source of information for seaweed farmers to increase seaweed production through the use of NPK fertilizers. This study was conducted from January until March, 2014 in the waters of Toropot Village, the District of Bokan Islands, Banggai Laut. To know whether the different doses affect the white spot infection, ANOVA with Tukey's test was used. Results showed that all doses had the same potential to recover from white spot disease and heal faster than the control (no dose). The addition of nutrients N, P, and K at high dose could accelerate the recovery of the algae from white spot desease and increase the growth rate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penyerapan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan penanggulangan penyakit white spot pada rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Penelitian ini dapat sebagai sumber informasi bagi pembudidaya rumput laut untuk meningkatkan produksi rumput laut melalui penggunaan pupuk NPK. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai Januari sampai Maret 2014 di perairan Desa Toropot, Kecamatan Bokan Kepulauan, Kabupaten Banggai Laut. Untuk mengetahui apakah perbedaan dosis memberikan pengaruh terhadap serangan white spot, maka dilakukan pengujian ANOVA dengan uji Tukey. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bahwa semua dosis memiliki potensi yang sama untuk memulihkan penyakit white spot dan lebih cepat penyembuhannya dari kontrol (tanpa dosis). Penambahan nutrien N, P dan K pada dosis tinggi dapat mempercepat pemulihan alga dari penyakit white spot dan dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhannya.
Culture pattern of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii like cultivation calender will improve the quality dan increase productionof seaweed. This pattern can be arranged through examining seaweed growth and measuring waters quality. Culture technique used was long line where seaweed was tied at 100 cm from water surface. Cultivation cycle was done twice a year using five frames measuring 3 x 3 x 2 m3 each and located at five observation stations. Biophysical of water at each station was measured. Data of biophysic and seaweed growth were measured every two weeks for three months (from July to October 2013). The present of epiphytes and ice-ice and seaweed pests was also observed. Research result found the best season for cultivating seaweed at Nain Island was from July to early September while the evidence of ice-ice was high from September to October. Biophysic and water quality around Nain Island was suitable of the growth of K. Alvarezii. Keywords: seaweed, cultivation calender, growth, waters condition, ice-ice
The purpose of this research was to provide data on waters physical and chemical parameters, proper areal map, carrying capacity, and potential production of seaweed. Research method used was spacial approach through direct measurement in the field and through laboratory analysis. Ten observation stations were established purposively at Desa Arakan waters. Samples were collected four times at two weeks interval. It was found that water temperature was 31–31,25 ºC, flow rate 5,97–11,09 cm/det., dissolved oxygen 5,34–6,45 mg/l, pH 7,7–8,1, salinity 32,5-33 ppt, nitrate 5,02–5,25 mg/l, phosphate 0,01–0,14 mg/l, water depth 1,3–16,5 m, velocity 1,3–4,5 m, tide 0–283 cm with Mean Sea Level 75,6 cm. bottom substrate consisted of coral sand and muddy sand. Proper culture area based on SIG analysis was 134.64 ha in which very proper areal was 68.40 ha, proper 66.23%. while proper areal was 66.23 ha. Based on carrying capacity analysis, proper sustainable site was 126.57 ha. This area could support 1.054 long line measuring 20x60 cm each. Seaweed potential was 3363,7 ton per ha or 4.4 ton/ha/year or 4.4 ton/ha/planting season. Keywords: marine seaweed, water quality, SIG, sea water, SIG, carrying capacity, production
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