Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental aesthetics and self-esteem in adolescents. Methods: The sample was 387 randomly selected high school adolescents between 13 and 16 years of age. A clinical examination to evaluate dental aesthetics was conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale. The statistical analysis included a descriptive analysis and means comparison, which was made through t-Student and ANOVA tests. DAI was correlated to Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The data collected was analyzed by using the SPSS program version 17. Results: The mean DAI score was 34.2 (SD=14.2) and self-esteem was 22.6 (SD=4.6). The low socioeconomic status (SES) group had the highest levels of DAI and the lowest levels of self-esteem. A weak, but statistically significant, negative correlation was found between DAI scores and Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (r=-0.1, p<0.05). According to age, in adolescents aged sixteen there was a slight correlation with both variables (p>0.05). Regarding gender, in female individuals a negative weak correlation (r=-0.14, p<0.05) was observed. No statistically significant difference was shown among SES groups. Nevertheless, there was a positive slight correlation in the middle SES group (p>0.05). Conclusions: The outcomes generated by this investigation can improve our understanding of how the correlation between dental aesthetics and self-esteem may fluctuate because of the SES variability.

ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos diferenciales de las variaciones en el nivel de discriminación de la autoridad que administra la sanción, en la conducta de transgresión de una norma presentada de manera explícita. El trabajo presenta un diseño de investigación experimental con varios grupos de comparación y mediciones post. Se registró la frecuencia de transgresión en cada una de cuatro condiciones experimentales: RGe1: sin autoridad, RGe2: autoridad parcial señalada, RGe3: instrucciones de autoridad no señalada y, finalmente, RGe4: instrucciones de autoridad no señalada y observación de un caso de sanción. Los resultados muestran diferencias en las transgresiones a la norma ocurridas entre las diferentes condiciones experimentales, observándose más transgresiones en la condición sin autoridad, seguida de autoridad parcial señalada; en tercer lugar, la condición instrucciones de autoridad no señalada, y finalmente la condición instrucciones de autoridad no señalada y observación de un caso de sanción, en la que no se presentó transgresión. Al aplicar la prueba no paramétrica Kruskal-Wallis, estas diferencias muestran significancia estadística (p<0.001). Palabras clave: conducta de transgresión, sanción, estudiantes universitarios. EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF DIFFERENTIATION OF AUTHORITY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF RULE VIOLATION AbstractThe aim of this paper was to analyze the distinctive effects of variations in the level of differentiation of an authority that administers sanctions, on the behavior of transgressing a norm explicitly presented. This study used an experimental research design with multiple comparison groups and post measurements. The frequency of transgression in each of the four experimental conditions was recorded: RGe1: without authority, RGe2: partial explicit authority, RGe3: instructions of non-explicit authority, and finally RGe4: instructions of non-explicit authority and observation of a sanction case. Results show differences in the norm transgressions that occurred in the different experimental conditions. More transgressions were found in the condition without authority, followed by partial explicit authority, then in third place, the condition instructions of non-explicit authority and finally the condition of non-explicit instructions and observation of a sanction case, in which transgressions did not occur. In applying nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, these differences showed statistical significance (p < 0.001) Keywords: transgression behavior, sanction, college students EFEITOS DE VARIAÇÕES NO NÍVEL DE DISCRIMINAÇÃO DA AUTORIDADE, NA CONDUTA DE TRANSGRESSÃO DE NORMASResumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos diferenciais das variações no nível de discriminação da autoridade que administra a sanção na conduta de transgressão de analisar os efeitos diferenciais das variações no nível de discriminação da autoridade que administra a sanção, na conduta de transgressão de uma norma apresentada de maneira explícita. O trabalho apresenta um desenh...

Palabras claves: afrontamiento a riesgos extremos, percepción del riesgo, estrés, comunidad educativa en zona volcánica.