Objetivo: Describir la tendencia de la sensibilidad antibiótica en microorganismos aislados en hemocultivos en pacientes de un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional-descriptivo que corresponde al periodo 2011-2017 en el Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión. Se determinó la identificación y sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los aislamientos de hemocultivos bajo el sistema automatizado Vitek®. Resultados: Se hallaron 1056 hemocultivos positivos. Se obtuvieron Gram-negativos en 38,4 %, Gram-positivos en 59 % y levaduras en 2,6 % de las muestras. El patógeno aislado más frecuente fue Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo, con un 39,7 %. El servicio que presentó mayor número de hemocultivos con resultado positivo fue la unidad de hospitalización no UCI. Los antimicrobianos que evidencian mayor sensibilidad fueron ertapenem (100 %) en E. coli, vancomicina (100 %) en Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo, y vancomicina (99 %) en Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusiones: El patógeno con mayor frecuencia es el Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo, mientras que el servicio que presenta un mayor número de resultados positivos es la hospitalización no UCI. Se recomienda realizar estudios de fenotipos de resistencia de estos microorganismos que se encuentren bajo vigilancia epidemiológica.
Objetivo: Describir las principales características de las bacterias portadoras de BLEE aisladas en hemocultivo en un hospital de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Tacna durante los años 2011-2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal. Bajo el sistema automatizado Vitek® se analizaron un total de 1056 aislamientos de hemocultivos con resultado positivo durante el periodo 2011-2017. Se tomó en cuenta los siguientes datos: servicio de procedencia de la muestra, el aislamiento y el resultado de resistencia a los betalactámicos informado. En base a los datos obtenidos se realizó los cálculos estadísticos para la obtención de la frecuencia de los aislamientos principales, así como la tendencia de presentación de BLEE a través de los años. Resultados: Se conto con un total de 1056 hemocultivos con resultado positivo, en donde se vio involucrado un patógeno Gram negativo en aproximadamente el 38% de los casos. La frecuencia de presentación de BLEE de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae se dio en un 66% y 55% respectivamente. El servicio con mayor porcentaje BLEE fue el hospitalizado UCI. La tendencia muestra un aumento del porcentaje evidenciando un aumento en la frecuencia de presentación durante el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: Es de suma importancia conocer la frecuencia de presentación de los BLEE para establecer medidas preventivas y de monitoreo.
Introduction COVID- 19 is a disease that has claimed the lives of many people. However, alterations in labo-ratory profiles in the city of Tacna have not been accurately established in association with its severity to support diagnosis and treatment. Objective To determine biomarkers related to the severity of COVID- 19 in patients treated at the social security hospital in Tacna during 2020. Methods We performed an observational, cross- sectional, and analytical study that included 308 patients with COVID- 19 from the social security hospital in Tacna, Peru, during the "first wave" of the pandemic (from July to August 2020). Immunological, hematological, arterial gas, hemostasis, and biochemical markers were collected. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe based on the clinical criteria found on clinical records. Correlation strength was per-formed according to Spearman’s Rho coefficient. The performance of the biomarkers associat-ed with severity was analyzed with the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Results Regarding hematological markers there was a positive correlation with monocyte count (correla-tion coefficient: 0.841; area under the curve 97.0%; p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with lymphocyte count (correlation coefficient: -0.622; area under the curve 82.7%; p < 0.05). Regarding biochemical markers, arterial gases and hemostasis, no significant correlations were found. In immunological markers, we found positive correlation with ferritin (correlation coef-ficient: 0.805; area under the curve 94.0%; p < 0.05), and C- reactive protein (correlation coeffi-cient: 0.587; area under the curve 87.4%; p < 0.05). Conclusions The biomarkers that can be considered as parameters associated with the severity of COVID- 19 are the absolute blood count of monocytes and serum ferritin concentration.
Correct processing of blood cultures may impact individual patient management, antibiotic stewardship, and scaling up of antimicrobial resistance surveillance. To assess the quality of blood culture processing, we conducted four assessments at 16 public hospitals across different regions of Peru. We assessed the following standardized quality indicators: 1) positivity and contamination rates, 2) compliance with recommended number of bottles/sets and volume of blood sampled, 3) blood culture utilization, and 4) possible barriers for compliance with recommendations. Suboptimal performance was found, with a median contamination rate of 4.2% (range 0–15.1%), with only one third of the participating hospitals meeting the target value of < 3%; and a median positivity rate of 4.9% (range 1–8.1%), with only 6 out of the 15 surveilled hospitals meeting the target of 6–12%. None of the assessed hospitals met both targets. The median frequency of solitary blood cultures was 71.9% and only 8.9% (N = 59) of the surveyed adult bottles met the target blood volume of 8 – 12 mL, whereas 90.5% (N = 602) were underfilled. A high frequency of missed opportunities for ordering blood cultures was found (30.1%, 95/316) among patients with clinical indications for blood culture sampling. This multicenter study demonstrates important shortcomings in the quality of blood culture processing in public hospitals of Peru. It provides a national benchmark of blood culture utilization and quality indicators that can be used to monitor future quality improvement studies and diagnostic stewardship policies.
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