In the construction of pavement, structures are determined by granular materials treated with asphalt emulsion in the pavements, in the structure of the pavements is very common to find unsuitable materials which generate both in the constructive and economic environment various types of inconveniences. The pavement structures are made up of different layers, each of which fulfills a certain function. The treatment of the material helps to reduce the cost of the pavement structures, obtaining improvements in their behavior and economic results in the construction of the same. What is intended in this research is the treatment of the selected material combined with asphalt emulsion, therefore, that can be used both as a base or sub-base within the pavement structures. For the analysis of the behavior of the selected material, the San José and AGRE S.A quarries were taken, in order to determine their own characteristic variants and thus demonstrate whether stated material meets the technical specifications for incorporation in the construction of the pavement structures.
The article presents the results of computational modeling of a rigid pavement with load applied to the edge of the slab, for which a multipurpose software (ABAQUS / CAE) based on the finite element method is used. First, it is explained in detail how computational modeling is performed, taking as reference two types of rigid pavements (pavement with and without concrete shoulder). In the process, the main characteristics and hypotheses taken to model the load, the edge conditions and the characteristics of the materials are presented. The mesh density and the finite element type to be used are also analyzed, based on an experimental design. In order to reduce computation times, studies were conducted to make geometric simplifications to the domain. The final solution is contrasted with the Westergaard´s theory and the results of a finite element software already experimentally validated according to the bibliography (EverFE v2.24). Studies of some of the most important factors for pavement designing were conducted. Finally, graphs are shown in specific conditions of geometry and materials, which will serve as practical tools for use in design methods.
In the research work, the results obtained at the laboratory level of the lending material (ballast) treated with asphalt emulsion from the quarries "Megarok and San José" are compared, applying the AASTHO standards. The quarries are located in the Picoazá-La Sequita parish of the Portoviejo canton. Samples from both quarries were evaluated in the laboratory and it was possible to carry out tests of natural humidity, Atterberg, granulometric, compaction, and soil bearing capacity (CBR). Based on the results obtained, they were compared by disclosing which of the quarries meets the appropriate conditions within the construction standards and techniques, in order to stabilize the material with asphalt emulsion; in addition to comparing it with the specifications of the AASTHO standards and the MTOP standard. The result was that the materials extracted from the quarries do not meet the technical specifications; but when mixed with the asphalt emulsion, the Megarok material fulfills as type A base.
Comparative analyzes were carried out between the materials of the Magarok and San José quarries, taking into account AASTHO standards with the objective of being used as a base / sub-base in the pavement structure. The asphalt emulsion material was stabilized to increase the strength and give the material sub-base and / or base characteristics, with a suitable mixing design, obtaining results with suitable characteristics to be used in the pavement structure composed of a 65 % Asphalt AC 20; 34.30% water and 0.70% ASFIER 121 emulsions, with good resistance to the stability of the materials.
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