Parents' perceptions of their own children's weight status are influenced by their children's characteristics and do not seem to correspond with their weight perceptions of unrelated children. Parental recognition of weight issues in their offspring may be impeded by their inability to apply criteria used to ascertain the weight status of unrelated children to their own children.
Orthodontists report regularly engaging in dietary discussions with their pediatric patients and may serve as important clinical advocates for healthy dietary choices among youth. Overweight screening and referral practices among orthodontists to appropriate health professionals should be further evaluated as interventions for pediatric obesity.
speech should instead be represented by a nonsequential associative or context-sensitive code. A computer simulation, ERIS, is presented to demonstrate the viability and power of such an approach. The use of recognition element activity as a correlate of stimulus time is also proposed as a novel means of representing temporal information. No intermediate processing levels between the acoustic stimulus and word recognition are assumed, and it is suggested that through such an approach it will become apparent what intermediate levels may be either necessary or useful. The power of even this relatively unsophisticated simulation suggests that context-sensitive coding and direct acoustic-lexical mapping are important principles to be considered in any approach to understanding and modelling human speech perception. 2:06 AA4. Phonological constraints in speech perception. Dominic W. Massaro and Michael M. Cohen (Program in Experimental Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064)An important question in speech perception research is whether or not listeners have information about the degree to which an acoustic feature is present in speech. Evidence from traditional experimental studies of categorical perception suggests a negative answer for some speech sounds. In the present experiments, listeners were asked for continuous rather than discrete judgments in order to provide a more direct answer to this question. Subjects were asked to rate speech sounds according to where they fell on a particular speech continuum. The continua consisted of stop consonants varying in place (/baY to/daY) or voicing (/baY to/paY) or a vowel continuum varying from/i/to/I/.The rating responses of individual subjects were used to test quantitative models of" categorical" and" continuous" perception of acoustic features in speech. [Work supported by NIMH.] 2:18
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