By three months, a baby can achieve a successful cycling of affective and intentional involvement.A primary task of early face-to-face interaction between human infants a n d their parents and other adults is the regulation of mutuality, the achievement of intersubjectivity. W e have studied (1, 2 ) the development of mutuality through videotaped episodes of face-to-face interactions between adults a n d infants. Each of their expressive displays was first described and then the descriptions were scaled to reflect the degree of affective and attentional involvement in the interaction. The scaled scores for the infant and adult were then graphically and mathematically compared to each other to assess the extent to which mutual regulation occurred.
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