Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is vital to climate change mitigation, and has application across the economy, in addition to facilitating atmospheric carbon dioxide removal resulting in emissions offsets and net negative emissions. This contribution reviews the state-of-the-art and identifies key challenges which must be overcome in order to pave the way for its large-scale deployment.
Capture and sequestration of CO 2 from fossil fuel power plants is gaining widespread interest as a potential method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Performance and cost models of an amine (MEA)-based CO 2 absorption system for post-combustion flue gas applications have been developed, and integrated with an existing power plant modeling framework that includes multipollutant control technologies for other regulated emissions. The integrated model has been applied to study the feasibility and cost of carbon capture and sequestration at both new and existing coal-burning power plants. The cost of carbon avoidance was shown to depend strongly on assumptions about the reference plant design, details of the CO 2 capture system design, interactions with other pollution control systems, and method of CO 2 storage. The CO 2 avoidance cost for retrofit systems was found to be generally higher than for new plants, mainly because of the higher energy penalty resulting from less efficient heat integration, as well as sitespecific difficulties typically encountered in retrofit applications. For all cases, a small reduction in CO 2 capture cost was afforded by the SO 2 emission trading credits generated by amine-based capture systems. Efforts are underway to model a broader suite of carbon capture and sequestration technologies for more comprehensive assessments in the context of multi-pollutant environmental management.
DOE/DE-FC26-00NT40935 i
AcknowledgmentsThis report is an account of research sponsored by the
Power plants are prime candidates to apply CO2 capture for final storage as a mitigation option
for climate change. Many CO2 capture concepts make use of a sorption−desorption cycle to
separate CO2 from flue gas or O2 from air. These include commercial absorption processes, as
well as processes using new sorbent formulations, adsorption, and high-temperature chemical
looping cycles for CO2 and O2. All of these new processes must confront the large scale of carbon
flows typical in a power plant. In this work, a common mass balance for all of these processes
is used to define a parameter that highlights the minimum sorbent performance required to
keep sorbent makeup costs at an acceptable level. A well-established reference system for which
reliable commercial data exist (absorption with monoethanolamine, MEA) is used as a
technoeconomic baseline to show that some of the sorbents being proposed in the open literature
might need to be tested under laboratory conditions for tens of thousands of sorption−desorption
cycles before they can be further considered as viable options for CO2 capture from power plants.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.