Two resonances in the photodetachment spectrum of H, one just below the n = 3 threshold and the other just below the n =4 threshold, were observed decaying into H {n'=2)+e. The n =3 resonance shows a preference for the n'=2 channel when compared with total-detachment measurements. Fanoline-shape fits give central energies of 12.652+0.003 eV for H * (3) and 13.338+0.004 eV for H **(4). These values are in good agreement with current theoretical calculations. PACS number(s): 32.80.Fb, 31.50.+w, 32.80.Cy
A pulsed, dual CO(2) laser lidar was used to measure return signal statistics as a function of the number of speckles integrated by the lidar receiver per laser pulse. A rotating target generated statistically independent speckle patterns on each laser pulse. Data were collected for a wide range of receiver aperture sizes. A statistical model is developed that predicts the probability density of the return lidar pulse energy, which includes speckle, depolarization by the target, and albedo sampling. The predictions of this model are compared with the measured probability density function of the return pulse energies. Very good agreement is found between the geometrically calculated number of integrated speckles and the number predicted by the model.
Laser speckle can influence lidar measurements from a diffuse hard target. Atmospheric optical turbulence will also affect the lidar return signal. We present a numerical simulation that models the propagation of a lidar beam and accounts for both reflective speckle and atmospheric turbulence effects. Our simulation is based on implementing a Huygens-Fresnel approximation to laser propagation. A series of phase screens, with the appropriate atmospheric statistical characteristics, are used to simulate the effect of atmospheric turbulence. A single random phase screen is used to simulate scattering of the entire beam from a rough surface. We compare the output of our numerical model with separate CO 2 lidar measurements of atmospheric turbulence and reflective speckle. We also compare the output of our model with separate analytical predictions for atmospheric turbulence and reflective speckle. Good agreement was found between the model and the experimental data. Good agreement was also found with analytical predictions. Finally, we present results of a simulation of the combined effects on a finite-aperture lidar system that are qualitatively consistent with previous experimental observations of increasing rms noise with increasing turbulence level.
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