Described is thermal radiation detector conceived for possible deployment on GERD (Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget). It consists of a linear array of 256 elements, each 60 .tm square and separated by a 3-im gap. Each element is the active junction of a single-junction-pair zinc-antimonide/platinum thermopile. The reference junction is mounted on an isothermal substrate, and the active junction is thermally isolated from the substrate by a thin layer of parylene. The detector is mounted on one wall of a wedge-shaped, mirrored cavity intended to increase the effective absorptivity and improve the spectral flatness of the detector through multiple reflections. A dynamic opto-electrothermal model of the detector/cavity combination has been formulated in order to facilitate its optimal design. The optical part of the model is based on a Monte-Carlo ray trace that takes into account diffraction at the entrance slit as well as the diffuse and specular components of reflectivity of the cavity surfaces. Heat absorption and diffusion through the thermopile structure has been modeled using the finite element method. The model has been used to validate a method for eliminating optical cross-talk among elements of the array through postprocessing of data.
The focus of current research is the measurement, modeling, and simulation of the spatial, temporal and spectral behavior of gaseous radiation from a jet engine exhaust plume. Infrared imaging using a scanning infrared camera has been used as a flow visualization technique. Also, an infrared band model code has been developed to relate field variables to infrared emission. The model has been validated by comparisons with other infrared band models and by comparisons with experimental data. Finally, a free-jet apparatus has been constructed based on an auxiliary power unit, and a computer code has been developed for converting the experimentally measured exhaust plume temperature distribution to the corresponding infrared image. These efforts represent work in progress. The goals of this research are to better understand infrared imaging of exhaust plumes, to correctly model the infrared emission from exhaust plumes given knowledge of the temperature, pressure, and species distribution of the flow field, and finally to use this model to validate CFD codes through comparison of predicted and observed infrared images.
Supplementary Table S1 from Stress, Immunity, and Cervical Cancer: Biobehavioral Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trail
<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Cancer diagnosis and treatment imparts chronic stressors affecting quality of life (QOL) and basic physiology. However, the capacity to increase survival by improving QOL is controversial. Patients with cervical cancer, in particular, have severely compromised QOL, providing a population well-suited for the evaluation of novel psychosocial interventions and the exploration of mechanisms by which modulation of the psychoneuroimmune axis might result in improved clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> A randomized clinical trial was conducted in cervical cancer survivors that were enrolled at ≥13 and <22 months after diagnosis (<i>n</i> = 50), comparing a unique psychosocial telephone counseling (PTC) intervention to usual care. QOL and biological specimens (saliva and blood) were collected at baseline and 4 months post-enrollment.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The PTC intervention yielded significantly improved QOL (<i>P</i> = 0.011). Changes in QOL were significantly associated with a shift of immune system T helper type 1 and 2 (Th1/Th2) bias, as measured by IFN-γ/interleukin-5 ELISpot T lymphocyte precursor frequency; improved QOL being associated with increased Th1 bias (<i>P</i> = 0.012). Serum interleukin-10 and the neuroendocrine variables of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone revealed trends supporting this shift in immunologic stance and suggested a PTC-mediated decrease of the subject's chronic stress response.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study documents the utility of a unique PTC intervention and an association between changes in QOL and adaptive immunity (T helper class). These data support the integration of the chronic stress response into biobehavioral models of cancer survivorship and suggests a novel mechanistic hypotheses by which interventions leading to enhanced QOL could result in improved clinical outcome including survival.</p></div>
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