Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 216, 1959, pages 370–372. A method is presented for calculating individual gas and oil or water and oil relative permeabilities from data obtained during a gas drive or a waterflood experiment performed on a linear porous body. The method has been tested and found both rapid and reliable for normal-sized core samples. Introduction Individual oil and gas or oil and water relative permeabilities are required for a number of reservoir engineering applications. Chief among these is the evaluation of oil displacement under conditions where gravitational effects are significant, such as a water drive or crestal gas injection in a steeply dipping oil reservoir. Numerous proposed methods of obtaining relative permeability data on reservoir core samples have been too tedious and time consuming for practical use, or have yielded questionable and sometimes inconsistent results. A method bas been developed by which the individual relative permeability curves can be calculated from data collected during a displacement test. The method is based on sound. Using this method, with a properly designed experimental procedure, relative permeability curves can be obtained using core samples of normal size (i.e., 2 to 3 in. in length and 1 to 2 in. in diameter) within a few days after receipt of the core. In a recent publication D. A. Efros describes an approach to the calculation of individual relative permeabilities that is based on the same theoretical considerations. We believe the approach described in the present paper is more adaptable to practical application than the method implied by Efros. In addition, comparisons with independently determined relative permeabilities are furnished to substantiate the reliability of the new method.
The condensation of bisketomethylene monomers with either 4,6‐dibenzoyl‐1,3‐phenylenediamine or 2,5‐dibenzoyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine catalyzed by acid affords high molecular weight polymers containing the anthrazoline and isoanthrazoline units in the polymer main chain. Base is not an effective catalyst for the production of high molecular weight polymer. The phenyl substitution on the anthrazoline and isoanthrazoline units increases the solubility of these polymers over those in which phenyl substitution is absent. The rodlike character of these polymers, which can be altered by positional isomerism in the chain, has an effect on the solution properties.
The problem of growth of instabilities (fingers) in displacement processes in porous media is analyzed from a statistical viewpoint. The relative area occupied by fingers is represented as a "saturation", and the equations of motion for this "saturation" are derived. It is shown that these equations are analogous to the Buckley–Leverett equations of immiscible displacement, with a fictitious "relative permeability" being introduced. The latter can be calculated and thus the statistical equations of motion of a fingered-out front can be written down explicitly. These equations of motion can then be solved by the well-known method of characteristics. It is shown that the statistical theory does not lead to any stabilization of the fingers.
This paper presents a method tor predicting the manner in which oil will be displaced from a porous body by enriched gas. The calculations apply to a gas rich enough to give a partially, but not a completely, miscible displacement. The method -a three-component, two-phase analysis -takes into account condensation of some of the intermediate hydrocarbons from the injected gas into the oil, as well as enhanced volatility of heavier hydrocarbons at elevated pressures and temperatures. The condensation swells the oil and decreases its viscosity, thus aiding in its recovery.The calculations have been extended to apply to actual crude oil-natural gas systems by arranging the components into three groups according to their volatility. As an approximation, each group is then treated as a single component in the analysis. The influence of an angle of dip for an inclined displacement is also taken into account.The recovery predictions are corroborated by experiments which used both consolidated sand cores and unconsolidated glass beads. In some of these tests, actual live crude oil was displaced by a multicomponent gas typical of enriched gases used in oil fields.
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