One hundred and eighty (180) mudskipper (Periophthalmus papilio) of equal size (mean length 18.74 ± 2.64cm and mean weight 156.68 ± 1.81g) were exposed to different concentrations (0.0mg/l-control, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0mg/l) of sodium bromide a biocide, to determine the Behavioural responses of opercula beat frequency (OBF), tail beat frequency (TBF), 96 hour lethal concentration (96h.LC 50 and median lethal time (MLT 50). The result obtained indicated that P. papilio showed initial stress responses such as increased opercula ventilator rate, erratic swimming and gasping for air. The pattern of response of TBF to time and concentrations of the biocide was irregular, whereas that of OBF tended to decrease with increase in time, but increased with increase in concentrations. Also cumulative mortality values increased with exposure time and concentrations.
This study investigated the effects of formulated and commercial diets as starter feeds on the performance of Clarias gariepinus larvae in the hatchery. Two hundred larvae were randomly distributed in experimental tanks and were fed with a commercial diet Aqualis and Special formulated feed (poultry feed + fishmeal + vitamin C + premix) for 21 days. The result obtained revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the physico-chemical parameters in all treatments. Total heterotrophic bacteria, Vibro, Total coliform and Salmonela/ Shigella were identified in the microbial analysis of the fish waters in all treatments. The total heterotrophic, and Vibro counts in the tank waters were significantly higher in specially formulated diet than Aqualis starter feed. Total coliform count and Salmonela/Shigella were less than thirty (<30) in all the water samples. Fish fed Special feed had a higher survival rate than Aqualis. Special feed was also higher in length increase of larvae (8.96 ± 7.11 mm), than the larvae fed with Aqualis. There was steady reduction of the microbial flora as the fish became older. The weekly results showed that condition factors were less than one, in all the treatments, at the end of the third week.
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