SUMMARYSince area precipitation measurements are difficult to obtain because of the large spatial and time variability of the precipitation field, the development of statistical methods for the optimal combination of weather radar and rain gauge measurements is a matter of great importance. This work presents area rainfall prediction methods based on kriging and cokriging techniques modified to account for the autoregressive temporal structure of the gauge measurement process. Hence, the suggested kriging-type predictor includes spatial observations both at the present time and at k lagged time instants. Such predictors are called of kth-order. Cokriging-type predictors developed in this article include the mixed cokriging and linkage cokriging predictors. Mixed cokriging combines 1st-order prediction and observations of a co-process. The linkage cokriging predictor is appropriate to deal with observations from any two different processes with proportional, yet unknown, expected values. This will be the case for the spatiotemporal models adopted in this work to describe rain gauges and radar measurements. Its expression is the same as the simple cokriging, but the usual conditions are replaced by a single linkage condition. Finally, we apply these methods to a storm of mixed type that occurred in 1992, for 99 h, over the Alenquer River basin region located north of Lisbon.
In this photographic article, we gather five Brazilian choreographers and dancers who are over 50 years old: Eva Schul (72), Robson Duarte (57), Eduardo Severino (57), Suzi Weber (55) and Mônica Dantas (52). Movement and dance photos support a narrative about age, longevity and fragility in contemporary dance. We try to answer some questions: how old is too old to dance? How do we embody time? How do we integrate damage and fragility to our dance? We have been collaborating with Eva Schul since the 1990s, and in parallel, we have been developing our own work. Since the 1980s, Eva Schul has been working with contemporary dance integrating somatic practices. So, this visual essay addresses topics related to the history of somatic practices and contemporary dance in southern Brazil and somatic perspectives on the ageing issue. We intend to give voice and image to those dancers and choreographers that are challenging the perspective of body image in dance, and highlight their older bodies, which can display vulnerability and fragility and, at the same time, strength and desire, ready to fight the battles of art and life. Our vision is that to give voice and image to those dancing bodies matured by the passage of time constitutes a political act.
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a prognostic factor for some malignancies, but its clinical implications in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients are less clear. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the impact of pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the survival outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed mCRC. MethodologyWe retrospectively included patients with newly diagnosed mCRC between January 2017 and June 2021 and with pre-existing T2DM. Data on the characteristics of patients, clinicopathological features, and drug exposure were collected from the electronic medical records. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). ResultsAmong 187 mCRC patients, 54 (28.8%) had T2DM. The median follow-up was 25 months. We observed 150 OS events and 168 PFS events. Diabetes significantly and negatively impacted PFS and OS. The median for PFS (mPFS) was eight and 16 months for T2DM and no T2DM patients, respectively (p < 0.0001; log-rank test). The median overall survival (mOS) was 15 and 29 months for T2DM and no T2DM patients, respectively (p < 0.0001; log-rank test). Patients with diabetes were more often overweight or obese (59.3% vs. 24.8%; p < 0.01) and had a poorer performance status (53.7% vs. 21.1% with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 1; p < 0.01). Additionally, T2DM patients had more high-risk pathological features, including G3 grading tumors (27.7% vs. 12.0%; p = 0.01), lymph node involvement (p < 0.01), BRAF-mutated (35.1% vs. 6.8%; p < 0.01), and right-sided CRC (63.0% vs. 30.1%; p < 0.01). We found no statistically significant differences in TRAEs. Nevertheless, a significantly higher rate of grade 2-4 peripheral neuropathy (22.2% vs. 5.3%; p < 0.01) was reported in T2DM patients. ConclusionsT2DM is a negative prognostic factor for survival in mCRC. The paper provides empirical evidence in favor of the joint control of both pathologies. Further research is needed to establish the robustness of our results.
Purpose Whereas body image disturbance has been associated with the development and maintenance of obesity and binge-eating disorder, regarding its role in successful weight loss, the research is very limited. Therefore, the present study primarily aims to clarify the association of different components of body image disturbance and psychopathology in obesity with different outcomes of standard weight loss programs. Methods Our data was obtained from a larger prospective study and from two time points – before and after completing the standard weight loss program. We selected 88 patients that lost more than 5% of their initial weight, distributed in two groups: 5% weight loss (5%-WL) group and 10%-WL group if more than 10% of WL was achieved. We assessed socio-demographic characteristics, Body-Mass Index (BMI) scores, general psychopathology, and body image disturbances via self-reported questionnaires, including Body Uneasiness Test (BUT). Results Our main results confirm the association between less successful weight loss with overvaluation of weight and shape, avoidance behaviour, and body-related checking behaviour scores. Higher BMI scores were associated with body uneasiness global scores, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of accessing and treating body image disturbance in obese patients undergoing weight loss programs, improving its outcomes.
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