Poza de la Arenilla is an artificial wetland created by the construction of two rocks in the southern part of the district of La Punta, which are approximately 18.2 ha. The shorebirds belong in their entirety to the Order Charadriiformes; these belong to the families: Haematopodidae, Charadriidae and Scolopacidae. In order to determine the temporal variation of shorebirds, a study was carried out between January 2013 and September 2016, using the transect methodology; the route was 1,115 km, passing through an urban area on the left side of the transect and a coastal marine area on the right side. For the analysis of the data, the PRIMER v6.0 software was used to determine the seasonal variation of the birds in each season (Summer, Fall, Winter, Spring) and to compare results between seasons. There were 19 species belonging to 3 families of the order Charadriiformes. The species that presented the most numerous populations were Calidris alba "sanderling" (256), Numenius phaeopus "whimbrel" (89), Calidris pusilla "semipalmated sandpiper" (66) and Charadrius semipalmatus "semipalmated plover" (114). The family with the richest shorebirds for this wetland was Scolopacidae with 14 species. The year 2013 presents the greatest species richness (14), with abundance of Charadrius nivosus "snowy plover" and Phalaropus tricolor "Wilson's phalarope".
Abstract.- This study provides baseline information on the feeding habits of five batoid species from the genera Mobula and Myliobatis sampled from the small-scale driftnet fishery in northern Peru. The diets of Mobula mobular, Mobula munkiana and Mobula thurstoni consisted mainly of euphausiids. Dietary niche breadth indicated a pelagic feeding behaviour of a specialist and a trophic level of a secondary predator for both M. mobular and M. munkiana. In contrast, Myliobatis chilensis and Myliobatis peruvianus consumed mostly gastropods and crustaceans. Dietary niche breadth indicated a feeding behaviour of a benthic specialist and a trophic level of a secondary predator for Myliobatis chilensis.
The Coastal Wetland "Poza de la Arenilla" (HCPA) located in the district of La Punta (Callao) receives each year a significant group of shorebirds of which no detailed information is available. The present study aims to define the spatial distribution of shorebirds species in the wetland between January 2013 and December 2015 to determine the composition in each of the identified areas. The areas defined for this habitat are: Boulders 1 (CR1), Channel, Chanel wall (MC), Shore, Sandstone shore 1 (OA1), Sandstone, Roquedal 1 (R1), Water mirror 1 (EA1), Roquedal 2 (R2), Water mirror 2 (EA2) and Sandstone shore 2 (OA2). Were recorded 2 species for the family Haematopopidae, 4 for Charadriidae and 13 for Scolopacidae.The species that contributed the most to the habitats and seasons were: Actitis macularius (Linnaeus, 1766), representing the zone Shore (97.59%), and the season spring (27.40%); Charadrius semipalmatus (Bonaparte, 1825), in O.A.1 (36.13%) and summer (25.07%), Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus, 1758), in EA2 (62.81%) and autumn (24.81%). Autumn was the season with the lowest abundance compared to other seasons, this due to not being in the migratory shorebird migration season mostly migrating to the family Charadriidae and Scolopacidae.
Reports were compiled of sunfish (family Molidae) by-catch in Peruvian small-scale fisheries and sunfish by-catch rates were estimated using data from shore-based and onboard monitoring programmes. A total of 114 sunfishes were reported in the longline and gillnet fisheries along the Peru coast from 2005 to 2017. Systematic monitoring effort of small-scale gillnets leads to an estimate of between 23 and 352 individuals captured annually by the fleet fishing from the northern port of Salaverry and central ports of Ancon and Chorrillos and suggests that the actual number captured by the Peruvian gillnet fleet is in the thousands of individuals. Thus, Peruvian small-scale fisheries have the potential to greatly affect populations of these still poorly studied species. Moreover, new occurrence locations are reported for the newly described Mola tecta, which was only observed south of 11 S. Because of physical similarities among Mola species it was difficult to identify sunfishes to the species level and thus further studies (e.g., genetics) will be required to provide more detailed information on individual species vulnerability to by-catch in Peruvian waters. K E Y W O R D S by-catch, Masturus lanceolatus, Mola, Mola tecta, Molidae fishes, south-east Pacific Ocean *Both authors contributed equally to this work.
The Peruvian sea represents one of the most productive ocean ecosystems and possesses one of the largest elasmobranch fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. Ecosystembased management of these fisheries will require information on the trophic ecology of elasmobranchs. This study aimed to understand the diet, trophic interactions and the role of nine commercial elasmobranch species in northern Peru through the analysis of stomach contents. A total of 865 non-empty stomachs were analysed. Off northern Peru, elasmobranchs function as upper-trophic-level species consuming 78 prey items, predominantly teleosts and cephalopods. Two distinctive trophic assemblages were identified: (a) sharks (smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena, thresher shark Alopias spp. and blue shark Prionace glauca) that feed mainly on cephalopods in the pelagic ecosystem; and (b) sharks and batoids (Chilean eagle ray Myliobatis chilensis, humpback smooth-hound Mustelus whitneyi, spotted houndshark Triakis maculata, Pacific guitarfish Pseudobatos planiceps, copper shark Carcharhinus brachyurus and school shark Galeorhinus galeus) that feed mainly on teleosts and invertebrates in the benthonic and pelagic coastal ecosystem. This study reveals for the first time the diet of T. maculata and the importance of elasmobranchs as predators of abundant and commercial species (i.e., jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas and Peruvian anchovy Engraulis ringens). The results of this study can assist in the design of an ecosystem-based management for the northern Peruvian sea and the conservation of these highly exploited, threatened or poorly understood group of predators in one of the most productive marine ecosystems.
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