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RESUMO -Avaliou-se a relação entre os testes complementares (teste hiposmótico, teste de termorresistência lento e teste de reação acrossômica) e os testes de avaliações convencionais (aspectos físicos e morfológicos) de sêmen bovino congelado/descongelado e os índices de prenhez. Os valores médios da motilidade espermática progressiva retilínea avaliados pelo teste de termorresistência foram de 53,48 (pós-descongelamento), 43,69 (60 minutos), 35,88 (120 minutos) e 33,04% (180 minutos) e a porcentagem de células reativas ao teste hiposmótico foi de 37,89%. Correlação positiva e de média intensidade foi encontrada para a motilidade espermática progressiva retilínea pós-descongelamento e o teste hiposmótico (0,21). Entretanto, a correlação da motilidade aos 180 minutos com o teste hiposmótico foi alta (0,64). A porcentagem de células que tiveram acrossoma reagido pós-descongelamento foi de 9,85%, apresentando correlações negativas de média e alta intensidade (-0,25 e -0,46, respectivamente) com a motilidade espermática progressiva retilínea pós-descongelamento e após 3 horas de incubação. Não houve correlação dos testes complementares e da motilidade pós-descongelamento com a taxa de gestação. Nenhum parâmetro considerado isoladamente serviu para avaliar a capacidade fertilizante do sêmen congelado/ descongelado. Palavras-chave: fertilidade, sêmen, testes complementares, touroRelationship between conception rates obtained by using bovine frozen semen and in vitro spermatic evaluation ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between complementary (hiposmotic, thermoresistance and acrosome reaction tests) and conventional evaluations (physical and morphologic aspects) of bovine frozen/ thawed semen and conception rates. Average values for spermatic motility evaluated by thermo-resistance test were of 53.48% (post-thawed), 43.69% (60 minutes), 35.88% (120 minutes) and 33.04% (180 minutes). The percentage of reactive cells observed for the hiposmotic test was 37.89%. Average intensity was observed for post-thawing spermatic motility, positively correlated to hiposmotic test (0.21). However, correlation between motility in the 180 minutes and hiposmotic test was high (0.64). The percentage of cells presenting post-thawing acrosome reaction was 9.85%, which was negative correlated to postthawing (-0.25) and after three hours of incubation (-0.46) spermatic motility. No correlation was observed for complementary tests and post-thawed motility and the conception rate. No one of the parameters evaluated in this study was individually able to indicate the fertilizing capacity of the frozen/thawed semen.

Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive nucleotide sequences that make up a large portion of eukaryotic genomes. They can move and duplicate within a genome, increasing genome size and contributing to genetic diversity within and across species. Accurate identification and classification of TEs present in a genome is an important step towards understanding their effects on genes and their role in genome evolution. We introduce TE-Learner, a framework based on machine learning that automatically identifies TEs in a given genome and assigns a classification to them. We present an implementation of our framework towards LTR retrotransposons, a particular type of TEs characterized by having long terminal repeats (LTRs) at their boundaries. We evaluate the predictive performance of our framework on the well-annotated genomes of Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana and we compare our results for three LTR retrotransposon superfamilies with the results of three widely used methods for TE identification or classification: RepeatMasker, Censor and LtrDigest. In contrast to these methods, TE-Learner is the first to incorporate machine learning techniques, outperforming these methods in terms of predictive performance, while able to learn models and make predictions efficiently. Moreover, we show that our method was able to identify TEs that none of the above method could find, and we investigated TE-Learner’s predictions which did not correspond to an official annotation. It turns out that many of these predictions are in fact strongly homologous to a known TE.

RESUMO -Para avaliar a eficiência reprodutiva e sua relação com características produtivas e composição genética de um rebanho, criado em condições de clima tropical, foram utilizadas 113 vacas, distribuídas em sete grupamentos genéticos, como se segue: 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 9/16 e 15/16 Holandês x Zebu, Holandês-PB-PC e Gir. As varáveis estudadas foram: idade ao parto, estação de parição, intervalo do parto ao primeiro serviço, intervalo do primeiro serviço ao serviço fértil, número de serviços, período de serviço, intervalo de partos e eficiência reprodutiva. Com relação a características produtivas, avaliou-se o período de lactação e produção de leite por ordem de lactação e grupamentos genéticos do rebanho. Foi utilizado o programa estatístico SAEG, realizando-se as análises de regressões múltiplas, de variância e de comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. A eficiência reprodutiva foi influenciada por idade ao parto, período de lactação, intervalo de partos e composição genética das vacas, porém não o foi pela produção de leite e estação do ano. Os índices produtivos não foram influenciados pela estação de parição, mas sim pela composição genética dos animais. Neste estudo, os índices reprodutivos mostraram-se satisfatórios, os animais zebuínos apresentaram os menores índices produtivos e os taurinos, a menor eficiência reprodutiva, provavelmente pela maior sensibilidade às condições de manejo.Palavras-chave: bovinos, eficiência reprodutiva, produção de leite Reproductive and Productive Efficiencies in Holstein and Holstein x Zebu Cows CrossbredsABSTRACT -To evaluate the reproductive efficiency and its relationship with productive traits and genetic composition of a herd, in tropical climate, 113 cows were ssigned to seven crossbreeding levels: 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 9/16 and 15/16 Holstein x Zebu, crossbreed pure Holstein and Gir. The studied traits were: age at calving, calving season, interval from calving to first service, interval from first service to fertile service, number of services, service period, interval calving, reproductive efficiency, lactation period, milk production by lactation order and genetic groups of the herd. Analyses of multiple regression, variance and comparison of averages using Tukey test were performed in statistical software SAEG. The reproductive efficiency was influenced by the age at calving, lactation period, calving interval and genetic composition of the cows, but it was not influenced by milk production and season. The productive indexes were not influenced by the calving season, but were influenced by the genetic composition of the animals. In this study, the reproductive indexes were satisfactory, the zebu cows presented the smallest productive indexes and the taurine ones the smallest reproductive efficiency, probably by larger sensibility to handling. ., v.31, n.2, p.641-647, 2002 Introdução A eficiência reprodutiva é um dos mais importantes segmentos para o bom desempenho da atividade pecuária, a qual pode, teoricamente, atingir valores próximos ...

Abstract. Despite the recent advances in Molecular Biology, the function of a large amount of proteins is still unknown. An approach that can be used in the prediction of a protein function consists of searching against secondary databases, also known as signature databases. Different strategies can be applied to use protein signatures in the prediction of function of proteins. A sophisticated approach consists of inducing a classification model for this prediction. This paper applies five hierarchical classification methods based on the standard Top-Down approach and one hierarchical classification method based on a new approach named Top-Down Ensembles -based on the hierarchical combination of classifiers -to three different protein functional classification datasets that employ protein signatures. The algorithm based on the Top-Down Ensembles approach presented slightly better results than the other algorithms, indicating that combinations of classifiers can improve the performance of hierarchical classification models.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se estudar a relação entre dois métodos de avaliação do potencial reprodutivo -Classificação Andrológica por Pontos (CAP) e comportamento sexual de touros da raça Nelore -e verificar a acurácia desses testes em predizer o potencial reprodutivo dos touros, avaliado pela taxa de gestação ao final da estação de monta, com duração média de 90 dias. Foram utilizados 14 touros, todos classificados como aptos à reprodução, após exame andrológico, CAP e observação do comportamento sexual a campo durante 12 horas. Onze touros foram avaliados em manejo individual, com proporção média touro:vaca de 1:46, e os três restantes, em manejo múltiplo, com proporção média touro:vaca de 1:23. A pontuação média obtida pela CAP foi 78,92 ± 8,92 (muito bom) e o escore, 9,85 ± 0,36 (excelente) para libido.Quanto maior o tempo de teste, maiores foram os escores da libido. Na primeira hora de observação, os touros foram classificados como de libido questionável e ao final do teste, como de libido excelente. As correlações da libido com circunferência escrotal (CE), características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen e taxa de gestação foram baixas. A pontuação pela CAP correlacionou-se positivamente com circunferência escrotal e características físicas do sêmen, mas não se correlacionou com características morfológicas dos sêmen. Não foi observada correlação entre CAP e taxa de gestação, Andrologic evaluation by points and sexual behavior in Nelore bullsABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to study the relation between two reproductive potential evaluation methods -Andrologic Evaluation by Points -CAP and sexual behavior of Nelore bulls, and to verify the accuracy of these tests in predicting the reproductive potential of bulls through the gestation rate at the end of the breeding season, with average duration of ninety days. Fourteen bulls were used, all classified as able for reproduction, evaluated through andrologic examination, being submitted to CAP and observation of the sexual behavior at field (libido test) during 12 hours. Eleven bulls were evaluated in individual handling, with an average bull:cow ratio of 1:46 and the rest of the animals (three), evaluated in a multiple handling, with an average bull:cow ratio of 1:23. The average score obtained by CAP was 78.92 ± 8.92 (very good) and the score of 9.85 ± 0.36 (excellent) for the libido test. The longer the test was, the higher libido scores were obtained. At the first time of observation, the bulls were classified as with questionable libido and at the end of the test as with excellent libido. The correlations between libido, scrotal circumference (SC), physical and morphological characteristics of the semen and the gestation rate were low. The scores obtained through CAP was positively correlated with SC and physical characteristics of the semen; however, no correlation was observed for the morphologic characteristics. No correlation was observed between CAP and gestation rate or between libido and CAP.The overall gestation rate after the breeding period w...

In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that oocyte competence is compromised by a longer duration of follicular growth and that it is not affected by FSH starvation. Cows were allocated to short FSH (n=14), FSH starvation (n=13) and long FSH (n=13) groups. The first two groups were given eight doses of FSH, whereas the third group was given 14 doses of FSH, starting from the day of wave emergence (Day 0). A progesterone-releasing device (controlled internal drug release; CIDR) was placed intravaginally at the start of the experiment in all groups. The short FSH group was given prostaglandin (PG) F2α on Day 3, whereas the two other groups received PGF2α on Day 6. In all cows, the CIDR was removed at the time of PGF treatment; porcine (p) LH was given 24h after CIDR removal and cows were inseminated 24 and 36 h later. Reproductive tracts were collected 4 days after insemination and ova and/or embryos were cultured for ≥6 days. The FSH starvation group had fewer ovulations (P=0.001), and ova and/or embryos (P<0.05). No difference in embryo quality was detected between long and short FSH groups at 7, 9 or 10 days after artificial insemination. In conclusion, oocyte competence was not altered by the duration of the follicular growth phase in superstimulated cows, whereas FSH starvation substantially reduced the ability of superstimulated follicles to ovulate.