Objective: To analyze the clinical, neuroimaging characteristics and positivity of the acquaporin water channel (NMO-IgG) in pediatric patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). This disorder could have a variable clinical expression. To address such variability, the term NMO spectrum has been suggested. Method: We evaluated six pediatric patients, with a median age of 11 years at the time of the study, with the diagnosis of NMO by the Wingerchuck criteria. Results: All the cases exhibited bilateral optic neuritis (ON). Four patients had abnormalities on brain MRI from the onset,although only three of them developed symptoms correlated to those lesions during the course of their disorder. NMOIgG was positive in 80%. Conclusion: Optic neuropathy is the most impaired feature in NMO patients. Brain MRI lesions are not compatible with multiple sclerosis and positivity of the NMO-IgG are also present in NMO pediatric patients, confirming the heterogeneity in the expression of this disorder. Key words: neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, pediatric patients.NMO en pacientes pediátricos: afectación del cerebro y expresión clínica RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas y de neuroimagen, y la positividad del canal de agua acuaporin (NMO-IgG) en pacientes pediátricos con neuromielitis óptica (NMO). Este trastorno puede tener una expresión clínica variable. El término espectro de NMO ha sido propuesto para poder incluir la variabilidad. Metodo: Evaluamos seis pacientes pediátricos, con una mediana de edad de 11 años al momento del estudio, con el diagnóstico de NMO de acuerdo a los criterios de Wingerchuck. Resultados: Todos los casos exhibían neuritis óptica bilateral (ON). Cuatro pacientes tuvieron anormalidades en la RM cerebral desde el inicio, aunque solo tres de ellos desarrollaron síntomas relacionados con las lesiones durante el curso de la enfermedad. NMO-IgG fue positiva en el 80%. Conclusión: Neuropatía óptica es la característica mayormente observada en los pacientes con NMO. Lesiones cerebrales en la RM cerebral no compatibles con esclerosis multiple y positividad de la NMO-IgG están también presentes en los pacientes pediátricos con NMO; lo cual confirma la heterogeneidad en la expresión clínica de este trastorno. Palabras-claves: neuromielitis óptica, esclerosis múltiple, neuritis óptica, myelitis transversa, pacientes pediátricos.
Verbal and non-verbal skills were equally impaired, and patients who were older at the moment of the onset of the disease had a better cognitive performance. Cognitive deficits should be regarded as a common occurrence in the course of MS in children.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do material da camada drenante constituinte de um sistema de cobertura verde em seu desempenho térmico, considerando o clima de Curitiba, por meio de estudo comparativo utilizando células teste. Para isso, foram construídos protótipos de cobertura verde que variam quanto ao material que compõe a camada de drenagem: argila expandida, e dois tipos de mantas drenantes industrializadas, sendo que uma delas também tem a função de armazenar água. Esta pesquisa analisou o desempenho térmico dos sistemas de cobertura verde em termos de temperaturas características, atraso térmico e fator decremental, decorrentes do monitoramento realizado em uma semana, no final do verão (mar/2020). No período monitorado, verificou-se um desempenho térmico ligeiramente superior do sistema de cobertura verde cuja camada drenante era composta por argila expandida.
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