Although lumbar spondylolysis is a widely known and easily recognizable condition in its typical presentation, there are some less well-known forms that may occasionally be challenging and/or demand special attention on imaging. Examples include: acute and/or incomplete lesions; unilateral defects; lesions at unusual levels (cervical, upper lumbar, and multi-level spondylolyses); iatrogenic lesions; non-isthmic spondylolysis; and spondylolysis related to underlying diseases. In addition to their atypical, uncommon or confusing imaging presentations, these forms of spondylolysis are far rarer than the classic type and have been described, to a great extent, in the surgical literature, thus reducing the awareness of radiologists about them and raising the potential for misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. In this review the authors address these special manifestations of spondylolysis, stressing the more important features to be considered in the differential diagnosis and the impact of a precise diagnosis of spondylolysis on the patient's care.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito citotóxico e genotóxico do antisséptico bucal gluconato de clorexidina por meio do teste de Allium cepa. As soluções utilizadas foram 0,03%, 0,06% e 0,12%, além do controle positivo e negativo. Observou-se 1.000 células por tratamento. Os efeitos citotóxicos e genotóxicos foram avaliados pelo índice mitótico e aberrações cromossômicas e os dados submetidos à comparação por meio do teste ANOVA considerando I.C. 95% 3p < 0,05.Os resultados evidenciaram um decréscimo no índice mitótico nas células meristemáticas das cebolas submetidas às soluções de gluconato de clorexidina em todas as concentrações, diferindo-se estatisticamente do controle. Em todas as concentrações aconteceram alterações numéricas referentes às aberrações cromossômicas e presença de micronúcleos. Contudo, estatisticamente não houve significância no que se refere à citotoxicidade, evidenciando-se apenas significância nos parâmetros genotóxicos sobre as raízes de A. cepa.
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