Resumen Damos cuenta de la fase cualitativa de una investigación que busca diseñar una intervención digital de prevención de ITS/VIH y promoción de salud sexual en jóvenes universitarios. A partir de grupos focales se abordó la experiencia y percepción que universitarios tienen sobre sexualidad, riesgo y campañas de prevención. Se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves. Los resultados muestran que la educación sexual es escasa, reducida a lo biológico, cargada de prejuicios y sesgos de género, limitando el manejo de información por la población estudiantil. Se evidencian estrategias vacilantes de prevención, no logrando motivar ni ofrecer oportunidades para la toma de decisiones conscientes y autónomas en salud sexual. Las campañas de ITS/VIH se evaluaron poco inclusivas, lejanas y basadas en el miedo. Las intervenciones en salud sexual han fallado en sopesar aspectos experienciales de la sexualidad juvenil, basándose en modelos de comportamiento ideal y estereotipado, desechando narrativas en primera persona y su rica complejidad. Es imperativo innovar en la prevención de ITS/VIH, formulando intervenciones basadas en un diseño integrador, multidisciplinar y situado, que valore la teoría y la experiencia de las poblaciones objetivo.
El deporte puede ser un medio eficaz para la transmisión de valores y favorecer la convivencia en entornos habitados por diferentes identidades culturales. No obstante, también puede tener un efecto adverso cuando se emplean enfoques que exacerban las rivalidades. Por ello, es relevante estudiar los valores vinculados al deporte en contextos que son culturalmente diversos. La presente investigación desarrollada en Chile, tuvo por objetivo: caracterizar los valores que vinculan a la práctica de actividades físico-deportivas los estudiantes chilenos e inmigrantes latinoamericanos que pertenecen a centros educativos vulnerables. Para ello, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, se desarrolló un estudio colectivo de casos de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario ad-hoc diseñado para la investigación. La muestra estuvo conformada por 412 estudiantes con edades de 12 a 18 años (15.87±2.03 años; 23.8% son extranjeros y un 76.2% chilenos) de diferentes macrozonas del país que pertenecen a tres centros educativos catalogados como vulnerables. Los resultados señalan que los estudiantes chilenos e inmigrantes presentan resultados similares en las cuatro dimensiones analizadas (estatus, moral, competencia y disfrute de la práctica). Sin embargo, los extranjeros poseen medias superiores en la mayoría de ellas, salvo en “estatus” donde los chilenos exhiben una media más elevada. Al separar los estudiantes inmigrantes entre los que provienen de países “colindantes” y “no colindantes”, se observa que estos últimos poseen mayores diferencias (de medias) con los chilenos en todas las dimensiones, hecho que puede estar relacionado con motivos culturales. Abstract. Sport can be an effective means of transmitting values and fostering coexistence in environments inhabited by different cultural identities. However, it can also have an adverse effect when approaches that exacerbate rivalries are employed. Therefore, it is relevant to study the values linked to sport in contexts that are culturally diverse. The aim of this research carried out in Chile was to characterise the values linked to the practice of physical and sporting activities among Chilean students and Latin American immigrants who belong to vulnerable educational centres. For this, under a quantitative approach, a descriptive, cross-sectional, collective case study was carried out. For data collection, an ad-hoc questionnaire designed for the research was applied. The sample consisted of 412 students aged 12 to 18 years (15.87±2.03 years; 23.8% are foreigners and 76.2% are Chilean) from different macro-zones of the country belonging to three vulnerable educational centres. The results show that Chilean and immigrant students present similar results in the four dimensions analysed (status, morale, competence and enjoyment of practice). However, foreigners have higher averages in most of them, except for "status" where Chileans have a higher average. When separating immigrant students into those from "neighbouring" and "non-neighbouring" countries, it is observed that the latter have greater differences (in means) with Chileans in all dimensions, a fact that may be related to cultural reasons.
Background Unsafe sex is one of the main morbidity and mortality risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young people. Behavioral change interventions for promoting safe sex have lacked specificity and theoretical elements about behavior in their designs, which may have affected the outcomes for HIV/AIDS and STI prevention, as well as for safe sex promotion. This study offers an analysis of the barriers and facilitators that, according to the university students who participated in the focus groups, impede or promote the success of interventions promoting healthy sexuality from the perspective of the actions stakeholders should undertake. In turn, this study proposes intervention hypotheses based on the Behavior Change Wheel which appears as a useful strategy for the design of intervention campaigns. Methods Two focus groups were organized with students from Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). The focus groups gathered information about the perceptions of students about sex education and health, risk behaviors in youth sexuality, and rating of HIV/AIDS and STI prevention campaigns. In the focus groups, participants were offered the possibility of presenting solutions for the main problems and limitations detected. After identifying the emerging categories related to each dimension, a COM-B analysis was performed, identifying both the barriers and facilitators of safe sex behaviors that may help orient future interventions. Results Two focus groups were organized, which comprised 20 participants with different sexual orientations. After transcription of the dialogues, a qualitative analysis was performed based on three axes: perception about sex education, risk behaviors, and evaluation of HIV/AIDS and STI prevention campaigns. These axes were classified into two groups: barriers or facilitators for safe and healthy sexuality. Finally, based on the Behavior Change Wheel and specifically on its ‘intervention functions’, the barriers and facilitators were integrated into a series of actions to be taken by those responsible for promotion campaigns at Universidad de Santiago. The most prevalent intervention functions are: education (to increase the understanding and self-regulation of the behavior); persuasion (to influence emotional aspects to promote changes) and training (to facilitate the acquisition of skills). These functions indicate that specific actions are necessary for these dimensions to increase the success of promotional campaigns for healthy and safe sexuality. Conclusions The content analysis of the focus groups was based on the intervention functions of the Behavior Change Wheel. Specifically, the identification by students of barriers and facilitators for the design of strategies for promoting healthy sexuality is a useful tool, which when complemented with other analyses, may contribute improving the design and implementation of healthy sexuality campaigns among university students.
<div>We estimate that in contemporary capitalism, sex politics is one of the most widespread forms of biopolitical action. With it, sex is integrated into the calculations of power, making discourses on sexuality and the technologies of normalization of sexual identities an agent of control over life. </div><div><br></div><div>This text will encompass the transits of a very particular body, liminal, a transvestite body: the body of Lola Puñales. Lola Puñales, is a figure that allowed us to approach a body that is difficult to grasp, manage or administer by the biopolitical circulation and regulation systems and their governmentality. Through her, we will try to characterize what could be termed as 'resistant lifestyles', incorporating, as an articulating trope andsynthesis, the concept of a 'rare crowd'.</div>
We estimate that in contemporary capitalism, sex politics is one of the most widespread forms of biopolitical action. With it, sex is integrated into the calculations of power, making discourses on sexuality and the technologies of normalization of sexual identities an agent of control over life. This text will encompass the transits of a particular body, liminal, a transvestite body: the body of Lola Puñales. Lola Puñales is a figure that allowed me to approach a body that is difficult to grasp, manage or administer by the biopolitical circulation and regulation systems and their governmentality. Through her, we will try to characterize what could be termed as 'resistant lifestyles', incorporating, as an articulating trope and synthesis, the concept of a 'rare crowd'.
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