Our findings suggest that LILT does accelerate human teeth movement and could therefore considerably shorten the whole treatment duration.

It can be concluded that cavity surfaces prepared by Er:YAG laser are irregular, but microleakage at cavities prepared by the laser after filling with composite resin is better than that by mechanical bur using the dye penetration method.

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of two different models of smartphone and a conventional camera with that of direct clinical examination in detecting caries lesions at different stages of progression in deciduous molars. The photographic equipment consisted of two smartphones (iPhone and Nexus 4) and a conventional macro camera setup. First, in the laboratory phase of the study, we compared the images of 20 exfoliated primary teeth having caries lesions at different stages. Then, in the clinical phase of the study, the images of 119 primary molars from fifteen children (3 to 6 years old) were used. All of the photographic images were taken using the previously described devices. In both groups, two examiners, blinded to the photographic equipment used, assessed the images independently on a computer screen, and classified them according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The teeth were then examined directly by two other experienced examiners, and the consensus reached was considered the reference standard. Parameters of validity, such as percentage of correct answers, agreement with the reference standard, sensitivity, specificity and inter-examiner agreement (using the weighted kappa test) were calculated. The examiners performed similarly in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Inter-examiner reliability was approximately 0.7 for all the devices in the laboratory setting, and for the macro camera photography system in the clinical setting, but it was approximately 0.9 for the iPhone and Nexus images taken in vivo. With regard to the percentage of correct answers, the highest values were observed for sound and extensive caries lesions in both laboratory and clinical settings. The percentage of correct answers for initial and moderate lesions was particularly low in the clinical evaluation, irrespective of the camera devices used. Therefore, we concluded that photographic diagnosis using smartphone images is feasible and accurate for distinguishing sound tooth surfaces from extensive caries lesions; however, photographic images are not a good method for accurately detecting initial and moderate caries lesions.

The 960-nm diode laser promoted a slight increase in calcium solubility. A statistically significant reduction on calcium solubility was achieved with the three treatments that involve fluoride (F, FL, and LF). The additional application of laser irradiation did not cause any significant increase or decrease in calcium solubility.

Although the fluorescence-based devices showed similar performance in the detection of enamel and dentin lesions, the reliability of these devices and the correlation of their findings with the actual and relative lesion depths were moderate with regard to smooth-surface caries in primary molars.

The aim of this study was to evaluate both sucrose and fluoride concentrations and time of biofilm formation on enamel carious lesions induced by an in vitro artificial-mouth caries model. For Study 1, biofilms formed by streptococci and lactobacilli were grown on the surface of human enamel slabs and exposed to artificial saliva containing 0.50 or 0.75 ppmF (22.5 h/d) and broth containing 3 or 5% sucrose (30 min; 3x/d) over 5 d. In Study 2, biofilms were grown in the presence of 0.75 ppmF and 3% sucrose over 3 and 9 days. Counts of viable cells on biofilms, lesion depth (LD), and the integrated mineral loss (IML) on enamel specimens were assessed at the end of the tested conditions. Counts of total viable cells and L. casei were affected by sucrose and fluoride concentrations as well as by time of biofilm formation. Enamel carious lesions were shallower and IML was lower in the presence of 0.75 ppmF than in the presence of 0.50 ppmF (P < 0.005). No significant effect of sucrose concentrations was found with respect to LD and IML (P > 0.25). Additionally, deeper lesions and higher IML were found after 9 d of biofilm formation (P < 0.005). Distinct sucrose concentrations did not affect enamel carious lesion development. The severity of enamel demineralization was reduced by the presence of the higher fluoride concentration. Additionally, an increase in the time of biofilm formation produced greater demineralization. Our results also suggest that the present model is suitable for studying aspects related to caries lesion development.

No abstract

Kohara EK. Salivary proteome of adolescents with active caries lesions with different severity stages [thesis]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia; 2016. Versão Original. This study aimed to compare the salivary protein content of adolescents presenting active caries lesions with caries-free persons. Twelve adolescents with average age of 15.2 (standard deviation=1.6) years old were divided into three groups according to the caries occurrence: Group CAparticipants with at least four active cavitated caries lesions (n = 4), classified as scores 5 and/or 6 according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS); Group MBadolescents (n = 4) in which subjects showed at least four cavitated active lesions (ICDAS 5 and 6), group MB (n=4) with at least four active initial caries lesions (scores 1 and/or 2 of ICDAS); and group COwith subjects with no active caries lesions (n = 4). Proteins from stimulated saliva (20 µg) were submitted to sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in three independent experiments. Densitometric values from fifteen bands of different molecular weights were measured and analyzed with analysis of variance (p<0.05). Mass spectrometry was used to identify and characterize the proteome from electrophoretic bands. Relative quantification consisted in submit to SDS-PAGE salivary protein samples paired by total protein concentration from groups MB and CO. Electrophoretic bands were densitometrically analyzed, and their protein content were quantified with mass spectrometry. Results from SDS-PAGE revealed that four bands of high and low molecular weight from group MB were statistically higher when compared to group CO. Samples from group CA did not show differences when compared to group CO. Mass spectrometry showed the protein content from SDS-PAGE electrophoretic bands. Relative quantitative analysis showed differences among groups in bands of high, middle and low molecular weights, as well in their proteins. This study concludes that there are differences in the proteomic composition of saliva from adolescents with active caries lesions when compared to persons with no active caries lesions, mainly considering initial active caries lesions.