The availability of water resources in agriculture is a growing concern throughout the planet. The new technologies of automation and communications offer a set of solutions for the collection and analysis of information that make possible the decision making in the modern systems of agricultural irrigation. Important steps have been taken in the automation of irrigation systems, focused on the adequate determination of water requirements in crops, which has a positive effect on the saving of energy carriers, water resources, and agricultural productivity. In the present research we propose to perform a real-time control and monitoring system, allowing the operation and remote monitoring of irrigation machines of center pivot. For this, a programmable logic controller and wireless communication technology are used, according with the requirements and characteristics of the context of agricultural application..
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe majority of the fields in southeast Mexico require 1,000m to 3,400m of 17-1/2 hole to set 13-3/8 casing at the top of Encanto/Deposito formation. Lithology is typically weak sandstone with shale stringers (UCS 2,000-6,000 psi). Operators have attempted to use PDC to drill the hole section in one run with limited success. Operators required an updated steel-tooth rollercone to cut costs by reducing trips/bits to complete the section. Examination of steel-tooth dulls indicated erosive and abrasive wear due to the high sand content was the major factor limiting performance improvement.The authors will present case studies that document the new bit design has increased meterage by at least 46%, ROP by 12%. Total bit runs have decreased from six to four and the total cone revolutions have increased by 60% compared to average values of best offset runs in several fields. This has saved the operator an average of $140,000USD per 17-1/2" hole section per well.
The development of models focused on the detection and diagnosis of failures in autonomous aerial vehicles, constitutes a novel subject, where for this application context the complexity of the algorithms and sensorial systems on board of these vehicles constitutes a challenge. In this field Petri Networks are used as a tool for fault detection given the facilities they provide for the modeling of complex systems in terms of their graphic representation and offering a simple solution. In this investigation a fault model is developed that allows the detection of faults based on Petri Nets applied to an air vehicle type Quadcopter, this model allows to determine the possible existence of off-line faults for this type of aerial vehicle, through the analysis of the data coming from the flight controller and measurements of the sensors on board. It is shown that the model satisfies the properties established for the verification of models with Petri Nets using two of the methods; reachability tree and state equation.
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