SummaryPopulations of grassland birds are declining in Brazil due to profound alterations to grassland habitats. In this paper, we present recent records and range extensions for 12 threatened or little known Brazilian grassland species: Ocellated Crake Micropygia schomburgkii, Sickle-winged Nightjar Eleothreptus anomalus, Campo Miner Geositta poeciloptera, Rufous-sided Pygmytyrant Euscarthmus rufomarginatus, Sharp-tailed Grass-tyrant Culicivora caudacuta, Cocktailed Tyrant Alectrurus tricolor, Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea, Black-masked Finch Coryphaspiza melanotis, Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporophila hypoxantha, Marsh Seedeater S. palustris, Chestnut Seedeater S. cinnamomea and Black-bellied Seedeater S. melanogaster. We also comment on the biogeography and conservation of these species. ResumoAs populaçõ es de aves campestres brasileiras estão sofrendo tremendos impactos decorrentes das alteraçõ es sofridas pelos campos naturais. Neste estudo são apresentados registros e extensõ es na distribuição geográfica de 12 espécies de aves campestres brasileiras pouco conhecidas ou ameaçadas de extinção: Micropygia schomburgkii maxalalagá, Eleothreptus anomalus curiangodo-banhado, Geositta poeciloptera andarilho, Euscarthmus rufomarginatus maria-corruíra, Culicivora caudacuta papa-moscas-do-campo, Alectrurus tricolor galito, Poospiza cinerea capacetinho-do-oco-do-pau, Coryphaspiza melanotis tico-tico-de-má scara-negra, Sporophila hypoxantha caboclinho-de-barriga-vermelha, S. palustris caboclinho-de-papo-branco, S. cinnamomea caboclinho-de-chapéu-cinzento e S. melanogaster caboclinho-de-barriga-preta. Também são apresentados comentários sobre a conservação e a biogeografia dessas espécies.

The Belem Curassow (Crax fasciolata pinima) is one of the most endangered birds in South America, without sightings of birds in the wild for 40 years. This subspecies is nationally and internationally classified as critically endangered and close to extinction, suffering from poaching and deforestation in its range. Here we present new records of free-living individuals made on three indigenous lands in Pará and Maranhão states: in part of Terra Indígena Mãe Maria, Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará; in locations within the Reserva Biológica do Gurupi/Terra Indígena Alto Turiaçu, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão; and around the Terra Indígena Rio Pindaré, Alto Alegre do Pindaré, Maranhão. We also provide recommendations to protect this bird via a dedicated conservation program which includes finding new individuals in non-sampled areas (north of BR-222), estimating population size, enhancing taxonomic and natural history knowledge, capturing wild animals in order to start urgent ex situ conservation programs, and developing environmental awareness programs with the local and indigenous populations.

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