RESUMENLas ciudades además de ser centros de interacción social y económica, tienen unos atributos urbanos y arquitectónicos inherentes que las hacen atractivas para la concentración de personas y actividades económicas diversas. En este artículo se estudia para la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona cómo la proximidad física a los centros urbanos de mayor jerarquía constituye un elemento determinante para el crecimiento del empleo en los sectores económicos intensivos en conocimiento. Se estudian por ello los factores que están explicando la densidad y los cambios en la concentración del empleo en el periodo 1991-2001 en las áreas de funcionalidad económica de la Región. Los resultados muestran que es fundamentalmente la distancia al centro metropolitano el factor determinante del crecimiento de estos sectores económicos por los beneficios que la aglomeración y la proximidad geográfica tienen para su desempeño.Palabras clave: economía del conocimiento, centralidad urbana, proximidad geográfica. ABSTRACTCities have some inherent urban and architectural attributes that make them attractive to the concentration of people and various economic activities. This article analyses how physical proximity to main urban centres of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona is a determining factor for the growth of employment in the intensive economic activities based on knowledge. For this purpose we study the factors that explain employment density and changes in the concentration of employment during the period 1991-2001 on the functional economic areas of the Region. Results show that it is basically the distance to the metropolitan core the capital factor to the growth of the knowledge economy, due to the benefits that agglomeration and physical proximity have for its development.
The territory, in particular metropolitan areas, has a growing importance as space attractors for new and more specialized economic development. This roll leads to the necessary reflection about patterns of agglomeration of economic sectors that are leading this process: knowledgeintensive economic sectors (KIS). It responds to the cluster of economic activities with a greater degree of specialization ofthe labor market than other activities. This phenomena is studied for the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona (MRB) in the period 1991-2001 using the census data on locally based workplaces. Nodes concentration of employment in KIS was identified using the methodology of reference thresholds (cut-offs). That methodology was developed by Giuliano and Small (1991) in Los Angeles; the methodology was adjusted by Garcia-Lopez (2007) for the MRB. The results suggest that the concentration phenomena of KIS tends to be higher than that of other economic sectors, except for high-tech industries, which tend to be more dispersed. The work confirms a process of decentralization of these sectors from the central conurbation to the whole territory of the MRB, where absolute values are higher in non-employment nodes and percentage values are higher in employment nodes.
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