Light energy is known to be used to combat microbial growth. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has the potential to use different naturally-occurring compounds, such as photosensitizers. Curcumin is an example of a molecule of interest in different areas under different optics. This systematic review surveys the aims and scope of research on curcumin-mediated PACT published between January 2011 and December 2020. The search was carried out in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Periódicos CAPES databases employing the keywords “Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy”, “photosensitizer”, “curcumin” and the descriptor “Light-Emitting Diode”. It was observed that in the last decade little material meeting these criteria was published. Brazilian institutions concentrated most of their studies on cytotoxic activity. The most recent work, however, focused on antibiofilm activity. Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to curcumin-mediated PACT over a short wavelength range. Different concentrations and exposure time of the photosensitizer were evaluated, but the amount of information is still insufficient to establish the best treatment condition as the number of tested pathogens is still poor.
This study assessed the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa UFPEDA 416 (ATCC 27853) exposed to curcumin-mediated Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). Initially, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of curcumin was determined (0.63 μg/mL). After, P. aeruginosa UFPEDA 416 was exposed to the MIC solution of curcumin and then irradiated with a high-power blue LED light at 480 nm for 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes (28.03 mW/cm2). At each interval, 100 µL aliquots were transferred to microtubes containing Müeller-Hinton broth and incubated at 30ºC for 24 h. The biofilm formed was quantified by the crystal violet method. The adherence rate was calculated using the difference in the absorbance of the treatment, compared to the control. There was a reduction in adhesion capacity from 40.8% in the first 20 minutes to approximately 11% after 60 minutes. The reduction in the adhesion rate accompanied the decrease in planktonic cells, determined from the measurement of the absorbance of the supernatant at 620 nm. The results indicated action by bacteriostasis.
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