RESUMO -(Macrófitas aquáticas da lagoa de Jijoca de Jericoacoara, Ceará, Brasil). A lagoa de Jijoca de Jericoacoara situa-se no litoral do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil (2°50'10'' e 2°55'32''S -40°28'32'' e 40°24'09''W), sendo bordejada em sua extremidade Norte por dunas e por vegetação de tabuleiro nas demais faces. Realizou-se o levantamento da composição florística e da estrutura da comunidade de macrófitas aquáticas presentes na lagoa. As amostras das plantas foram coletadas e depositadas no herbário EAC. Densidade, freqüência e cobertura das espécies foram amostradas em 10 transectos plotados em áreas com boas condições de conservação de suas margens, evitando-se áreas urbanas e de atividade agropecuária adjuntas à lagoa. Apresenta-se a lista de 45 espécies ocorrentes, suas formas biológicas e dados da estrutura da comunidade. As espécies com maior índice do valor de importância (IVI) foram Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Paspalidium geminatum Stapf, Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth, Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze e Echinodorus tenellus (Mart.) Buchen. A forma de vida predominante foi "plantas enraizadas ao substrato -anfíbias tolerantes à seca". Em relação à profundidade, ocorre aumento da diversidade de espécies de áreas mais profundas para 0-0,5m de espessura da lâmina d'água. Palavras-chave -macrófitas aquáticas, terras úmidas, lagoas costeirasABSTRACT -(Aquatic macrophytes of Jijoca of Jericoacoara lagoon, Ceará, Brazil). The Jijoca of Jericoacoara lake is located at Ceará Coastal Zone, Northeast of Brazil (2°50'10'' e 2°55'32''S -40°28'32'' e 40°24'09''W), and it has sand dunes on the Northern shore and arboreal semi-deciduous vegetation around the other lakesides. A floristic and communities structure survey of aquatic flora was conducted. Plant samples were collected and included in the EAC Herbarium. The density, frequency, and cover were measurements used in describing communities by intercept transect sampling. Sampling was carried out in Jijoca of Jericoacoara lake at 10 localities, except areas with human impact, such as urban and agricultural areas. A list of 45 species, their life forms and vegetation structure are presented. The higher importance value index (IVI) species were Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Paspalidium geminatum Stapf, Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth, Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, and Echinodorus tenellus (Mart.) Buchen. The most common life-form was "emergent bottom-rooted plants with amphibious habit". In relation to depth, species diversity increased from the deeper areas and peaked at 0-0,5 m above water level.

To test whether the flora is organized in discrete or continuous units along a topographic gradient, three physiognomies were assessed on different soil classes in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil: caatinga (xeric shrubland) at altitudes from 300 to 500 m, deciduous forest at altitudes from 500 to 700 m and carrasco (deciduous shrubland) at 700 m. In each physiognomy a species inventory was carried out, and plants were classified according to life- and growth-forms. Species richness was higher in the deciduous forest (250) than in the carrasco (136) and caatinga (137). The caatinga shared only a few species with the carrasco (6 species) and the deciduous forest (18 species). The highest species overlap was between the deciduous forest and the carrasco (62 species). One hundred and four species occurred only in the caatinga, 161 only in the deciduous forest and 59 only in the carrasco. Woody species predominated in physiognomies on sedimentary soils with latosol and arenosol: 124 species occurred in the deciduous forest and 68 in the carrasco. In the caatinga on crystalline basement relief with predominance of planosol, herbs showed the highest species richness (69). Comparing the biological spectrum of Brazilian plant life-forms, the caatinga stood out with higher proportion of therophytes and chamaephytes. Considering the flora of the three phytophysiognomies studied here, we can affirm that the caatinga is a discrete floristic unit.

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Estudou-se a composição florística da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jericoacoara, Estado do Ceará, nordeste do Brasil (2°47' - 2°51'S e 40°36' - 40°24'W). O clima da região é do tipo Aw` (segundo a classificacação de Köppen) com temperaturas médias oscilando entre 35°C e 22°C, com chuvas de verão (dezembro a junho), possuindo um período de estiagem de 5 a 6 meses, frequentemente interrompido por chuvas ocasionais em setembro e outubro, e apresenta índice xerotérmico de Gaussen variável entre 100 e 150. As formações vegetacionais estudadas foram: vegetação com influência flúvio-marinha ou manguezal em estuários e na região de pós-praia e vegetação com influência marinha ("restingas"). Foram identificadas 87 espécies, 77 gêneros e 39 famílias. As famílias que apresentaram maior riqueza específica foram: Poaceae (13%), Cyperaceae (13%), Fabaceae (6%), Amaranthaceae (6%) e Rubiaceae (6%). Alguns aspectos relacionados a conservação ambiental na APA são discutidos.

RESUMO:Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (jucá ou pau-ferro) é uma espécie da família Leguminosae cuja ocorrência estende-se da região Nordeste ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma espécie bastante utilizada na medicina popular pelas suas inúmeras propriedades terapêuticas tais como antiinflamatória, analgésica, antimicrobiana e antitérmica as quais indicam a presença de compostos de interesse farmacológico. Contudo, muitos estudos em plantas também investigam a presença de compostos de interesse industrial. Com base nas propriedades terapêuticas e atividades já descritas para essa espécie, esse trabalho objetivou pesquisar atividades biológicas no extrato de sementes de C. ferrea na busca por compostos de interesse industrial e farmacológico. Os resultados indicaram a presença das atividades celulásica, amilásica, anticoagulante e larvicida contra A. aegypti no extrato aquoso das sementes de C. ferrea, entretanto, não foram observadas as atividades tóxica aguda, hemolítica, heparinásica, antibacteriana e antifúngica.Unitermos: Caesalpinia ferrea, Leguminosae, atividades biológicas, atividades enzimáticas, sementes.ABSTRACT: "Biological and enzymatic activities of aqueous extract of seeds from Caesalpinia ferrea Mart., Leguminosae." Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. is a species belonging to Leguminosae family commonly known in Brazil as "jucá" or "pau-ferro". It occurs in Brazil from the Northeast Region to the State of Rio de Janeiro and it is widely utilized in folk medicine due to its several therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and antithermic, which indicate the presence of compounds of pharmacological interest. Besides, many studies with plants look for the presence of compounds with industrial applications. Based upon the therapeutic and bioactive properties described for this species so far, this work aimed to investigate several biological activities in the water extract of C. ferrea seeds. The results indicated the presence of the following activities: cellulase, amylase, anticoagulant and larvicide against A. aegypti in the water extract of C. ferrea seeds. Nevertheless, the extract did not show the other activities assayed: acute toxic activity, hemolytic, heparinasic, antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Os óleos essenciais das folhas de Cordia leucomalloides e Cordia curassavica foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e suas composições químicas determinadas por uma combinação de CG-EM e CG-DIC. Como resultado, vinte e três componentes foram identificados em ambos os óleos, representando 98,6 e 91,2% da composição volátil. O óleo essencial de C. leucomalloides foi caracterizado por uma alta percentagem de sesquiterpenos (90,6%), sendo δ-cadineno (17,4%), (E)-cariofileno (15,7%), biciclogermacreno (12,5%) e germacreno D (11,2%) os majoritários. Por outro lado, o óleo de C. curassavica mostrou proporções similares de monoterpenos (47,3%) e sesquitepenos (43,9%), entre os quais α-pineno (20,5%), β-pineno (13,1%), (E)-cariofileno (12,4%) e biciclogermacreno (13,8%) foram os compostos predominantes. O potencial larvicida dos dois óleos foi avaliado contra larvas no terceiro estágio do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os óleos apresentaram atividade biológica significativa, particularmente o óleo essencial de C. leucomalloides, o qual foi capaz de matar 98,7% das larvas numa concentração de 100 ppm.The essential oils obtained from the leaves of Cordia leucomalloides and Cordia curassavica were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions determined by a combination of GC-MS and GC-FID. Twenty-three components were tentatively identified in both oils representing 98.6 and 91.2% of the volatile content. The oil of C. leucomalloides was characterized by a large percentage of sesquiterpenes (90.6%), being δ-cadinene (17.4%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.7%), bicyclogermacrene (12.5%) and germacrene D (11.2%) the major ones. On the other hand, the oil of C. curassavica showed similar proportions of monoterpenes (47.3%) and sesquiterpenes (43.9%) among which α-pinene (20.5%), β-pinene (13.1%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (13.8%) were the predominant compounds. The larvicidal potential of the two oils were evaluated against the third-instar of Aedes aegypti larvae. The results showed that both oils exhibited significant activity, particularly the oil of C. leucomalloides which was able to kill 98.7% of the larvae in the concentration of 100 ppm. Keywords:Cordia leucomalloides, Cordia curassavica, essential oil, larvicidal activity, terpenoids IntroductionThe pantropical genus Cordia, represented by shrubs and trees, is one of the major and most important genus of the family Boraginaceae. 1 Some of its species yield excellent wood naturally resistent to attack of several organisms, 2,3 while others are widely used in traditional medicine in several parts of the world. 4 13 and C. globosa (Jacq.) H.B.K. 14 have been described. The two later were recently subject of our studies, including their essential oils. A literature survey revealed that the oil of C. leucomalloides has not been reported but C. curassavica has been the subject of several studies, probably due its etnobotanical value. 1,5,6,15 C. curassavica is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial prop...

Os óleos essenciais obtidos por hidrodestilação das folhas de quatro espécies de Piper (P. arboreum, P. crassinervium, P. dilatatum and P. tuberculatum), coletadas no estado do Ceará, foram analisados por CG-EM. Os rendimentos dos óleos, calculados sobre o peso do material fresco, variaram entre 0,03 -0,11% (p/p). Os óleos foram caracterizados pela presença de mono-e sesquiterpenos, exceto o óleo de P. arboreum, no qual foram identificados apenas sesquiterpenos. β-Elemeno (0,58-3,03%), (E)-cariofileno (2,71-37,78%), germacreno D (3,43-11,81%), biciclogermacreno (2,83-25,07%) e δ-cadineno (0,52-2,44%) foram detectados em todas as amostras analisadas. Os monoterpenos majoritários identificados foram α-pineno (11,27%), β-pineno (20,01%), 1,8-cineol (10,81%) e linalol (28,61%) para P. crassinervium, e α-felandreno (22,53%) e ∆-3-careno (10,20%) para P. dilatatum. Biciclogermacreno (25,03 e 25,07%) para P. arboreum e P. dilatatum, (E)-nerolidol (11,12%) para P. arboreum, germacreno D (11,81%) para P. tuberculatum e (E)-cariofileno (10,26 e 37,78%) para P. dilatatum e P. tuberculatum, foram os principais sesquiterpenos. Este trabalho descreve, pela primeira vez, a composição química dos óleos essenciais de P. crassinervium e P. tuberculatum.The essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation, from leaf samples of four Piper species (P. arboreum, P. crassinervium, P. dilatatum and P. tuberculatum), harvested at the State of Ceará, were analyzed by GC-MS. The oil yields ranged from 0.03 to 0.11% (w/w), on fresh weight basis. The oils were characterized by mono-and sesquiterpenes, except the oil of P. arboreum to which only sesquiterpenes were identified. β-Elemene (0.58-3.03%), (E)-caryophyllene (2.71-37.78%), germacrene D (3.43-11.81%), bicyclogermacrene (2.83 and 25.07%) and δ-cadinene (0.52-2.44%) were detected in all oil samples. The major identified monoterpenes were α-pinene (11.27%), β-pinene (20.01%), 1,8-cineole (10.81%) and linalool (28.61%) for P. crassinervium and, α-phellandrene (22.53%) and ∆-3-carene (10.20%) for P. dilatatum. The major sesquiterpenes were bicyclogermacrene (25.03 and 25.07%) for P. arboreum and P. dilatatum, (E)-nerolidol (11.12%) for P. arboreum, germacrene D (11.81%) for P. tuberculatum and, (E)-caryophylene (10.26 and 37.78%) for P. dilatatum and P. tuberculatum. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report about the chemical composition of the leaf essential oils of P. crassinervium and P. tuberculatum.

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