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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an acute and reversible increment in serum creatinine levels regardless of associated or not with a decrease in urine output. AKI is very common among septic neonates. The high mortality among septic neonates with AKI stresses the need for screening them for renal failure. Early recognition of risk factors for AKI may reduce the risk of its occurrence. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate AKI's prevalence and outcome in neonates with neonatal sepsis in our hospital. Patients and methods: This study was an observational cross-section study carried out on all neonates ≥ 28 weeks admitted to our hospital in 6 months duration. History, examinations, and urine output were assessed and followed up regularly. Laboratory investigations included CBC, CRP, ESR, urine analysis, Urea and Creatinine, and Blood culture. Results: AKI presented in 67.2% of septic neonates based on oliguria while raised serum creatinine, shown in 4.5% of cases. Mean urine output was (1.26 ± 0.6) ml/kg/hr, 60 % of patients with AKI were males, 38% were preterm, 47% were LBW, and mortality was 51.1%. Conclusion: more than two-third of neonates with sepsis had AKI. Gestational age and weight were less in cases with AKI, with more than half of them were full-term and ≥ 2.5 kg. Gender was not a significant risk factor for AKI in sepsis. Mortality was significantly higher in AKI, mainly in full-term and low birth weight. Dead neonates with AKI were less anemic, less leucopenic, and more thrombocytopenic than living.

Objectives: One of the most significant risk groups for hearing loss is neonates who spend time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss in all neonates admitted to our hospital NICU and evaluate their risk factors. It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on all neonates admitted to our hospital in one year. Patients and methods: All Neonates were subjected to history, clinical, Otoscopic examination, and Oto-acoustic emissions test. Neonates with congenital ear anomalies or ear problems that interfere with the screening test were excluded. Results: 90.6% of cases passed the test, and 9.4% had a Refer result in the initial screening. A repeated test for the referral cases showed 6.7% passed and 2.7% had hearing affection (2% bilateral and 0.7 % unilateral). Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing loss was 2.7%, 2 % had bilateral hearing affection, and 0.7 % had unilateral hearing affection. There was a significant correlation between exposures to certain risk factors among the affected neonates; all cases remained more than 5 days in NICU with history of exposure to ototoxic drugs, especially gentamycin, furosemide, vancomycin, and amikacin.