At high concentrations, Aluminium (Al) can be a serious threat to agricultural production because it inhibits growth of the roots, inducing oxidative stress, callose induction, peroxidation of the cellular membrane, nutrient imbalances and ends with cell death. This finding aimed to investigate threshold toxicity level of Al on finger millet varieties. The threshold value was determined by wrapping and germinating twenty randomly selected and surface sterilized seeds in petri dishes. Thirty-six hours-old seedlings of uniform size in three replication were transferred to the nutrient solution having Al concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 µM and allowed to grow for a further 8 days. It was found that biomass production decreased in root starting from 50 µM. The finger millet plants growing displayed three distinct Al tolerance phases in roots. A high phase tolerance occurred between 0 and 50 µM, slight tolerance between 50 and 125 µM and intolerance phase above 125 µM. The conclusion was that under the defined growth conditions, Al toxicity would likely begin with an Al concentration in the solution higher than 50 µM.
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Biotic and abiotic stress combined with the use of less productive local cultivars cause low production of finger millet in Ethiopia. This research was conducted to investigate acidity tolerance of finger millet accessions. Preliminary screening was done on 288 accessions and six improved national cultivars of finger millet. Twenty randomly selected and surface-sterilized seeds of each germplasm were wrapped and germinated in a tissue paper in Petri dishes. Thirty six hours-old seedlings of uniform size were transferred to the nutrient solutions having 500 µM KNO 3 , 500 µM CaCl 2 , 500 µM NH 4 NO 3 , 150 µM MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 10 µM KH 2 PO 4 , 2 µM FeCl 3 (III) and 112.5 µM Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O and allowed to grow for a further 8 days along with tolerant and susceptible references. Characterization with (112.5 µM) and without (0 µM) Al conditions was also done on 80 accessions. After eight days root and shoot length of seedlings were measured using a ruler, while fresh weight of these seedlings was taken using a digital balance. Mean separation and analysis of variance on each treatment was conducted using SPSS software. Relative total root length (RTRL) and root growth inhibition (RGI) were also estimated. From screening of 288 accessions, 75 (26.04%) of them were Al tolerant, while 213 (73.95%) of them were medium to susceptible. From characterization, 63 (78.75%) showed significant Al stress in root length, 23 (28.75%) in fresh weight, while no distinct and visible symptom were observed in shoot growth. The study clearly showed the possibility of developing lines and genotypes that can tolerate acidity in Ethiopian context and support agricultural development in acidic soils in the country and in the world.
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