There is a tripartite global crises of social, economic and health unlike any in the past almost eight decades history of the United Nations that is fast killing people, increasing and spreading human woes and sufferings with an unending existential calamities. This is indeed, beyond health, economic and social crises. It is evidently human existential crises that have the potency and potential to bring about existential eclipse of the human race. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is wreaking havoc on societies at their core. With the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reassessment of the prospect for growth for 2020 and 2021, and the declaration that there is a global recession that is as bad as or even worse than the 2009 situation, Nigeria socio-economic survival is at risk. The only hope of any recovery in 2021 is if the country succeeds in containing the pandemic and take sound and necessary economic decisions and measures. The only roadmap for the socio-economic survival of the country will depend on the proactive management approaches, health policy framework and leadership that will comprehensively address the several social conditions that have to do with health education and literacy level, both nationally and internationally in the areas of economic stimulus that will demand both government and citizens partnerships and the constitution of National Technical Committee on Coronavirus (NTCC) that will relate with a global technical body. The efficient execution of these policy and ideas will certainly demand the total cooperation of all strata of the society, which will include governmental agencies, information experts, civil societies, health experts, educationists and the citizens. What the paper therefore advocates is a multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches anchored on a sound philosophy through the educational process towards overcoming this 21st century invisible monster. Our approach in this paper will be a combination of analysis and philosophical evidential speculation, which will inspire creativity that will match the novel nature of the crisis.
Antibiotic discovery was considered a wonder of the world. Shortly after, many microorganisms began to exhibit resistance to prior antimicrobial actions of antibiotics. Notwithstanding, Quinones, Flavonoids, Flavones, Flavonols, Tannins, and Coumarins are major phytochemicals synthesized by plant parts and have shown decisive antimicrobial activities against a panel of microorganisms. In this research hot and cold extracts of fresh and dried Vernonia, amygdalina showed remarkable in vivo antimicrobial activity on antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates from various poultry farms and food vendors in Ibi, Donga, Takum, and Wukari. 5 g-10 ml, 10 g-10 ml, 15g-10ml, 20g-10ml, and 25g-10ml are arrays of Vernonia Amygdalina concentrations tested on the inocula. Significant light growth was observed for both menstruum extracts of dried and fresh leaves of Vernonia Amygdalina at higher concentrations levels of 20g-10ml, 25g-10ml, while and moderate growth was seen at lower concentrations levels of 5g-10ml, 10g-10ml. Also, heavy growth of Salmonella was detected in the control plates inoculated with the test microorganism but without the addition of any extracts. Weak political will in implementing regulation policies, funding of research, and perceived antimicrobial resistance to plant extracts as well as acceptability and cultural factors have threatened the extensive use of plant extract in the management of health. Improved universal health coverage and enhanced economic potentials are core benefits of the use of plant extracts for health management. Conclusively, plant extracts possess appreciable antimicrobial activities against Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) microorganisms compared to currently prescribe synthetic drugs. Hence, further studies on clinical efficacy trials and the safety of more plants need to be intensified.
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