Primary health care (PHC) was conceptualized to play a ‘central hub’ role in health systems. Diabetes care services are presently unavailable in PHC facilities, except the screening programs that are carried out by non-governmental organizations. This implies there is issue of behavioural change wheel (BCW) of the stakeholders including the quartet of ministry of health, hospital management board, healthcare professionals (HCP) and diabetes patients. This narrative review investigates perception of stakeholders towards scaling-up of a diabetes context of PHC agenda in Delta State Nigeria. The study utilized data from ongoing studies including opportunistic and purposive sampling designs. Data from published literatures on Nigeria were also reviewed. The various stakeholders’ perceptions is that motivation is poor across board. The ministry of health as well as the hospitals management board, but not patients, have the capacity. Suggested ways of improving BCW in the state include increased allocation for the ministry of health, and retraining healthcare professionals. Others improvement measures including tackling socio-cultural beliefs, and taboos are suggested. Scaling-up and sustaining diabetes care program at the PHC level in Delta State is agreed to be the responsibility of all stakeholders. There is need to enhance capacity/knowledge among community members living with diabetes, and opportunity/practice among the HCPs, but most importantly attitude/motivation of all stakeholders.

Purpose: Visual impairment (VI) being a state of physiological or pathological disorders of vision posesa burden on human activities globally. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of VI among school children in Delta State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 201 respondents aged 6 to 19 years were randomly selected from primary and secondary schools in the three senatorial districts of Delta State. Participants were evaluated using a structured questionnaire, distance Snellen chart, ophthalmoscope, and torchlight. Vision status was defined using World Health Organization categories of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity (PVA). Data were presented in frequency tables, charts and analysed with Chi-Square statistics. All p-values reported were two-tailed and statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 12.30± 3.14 years, while 118 (58.7%) were females. The overall prevalence of VI (PVA of <6/18 in the better eye) was 58 (28.9%). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe VI was 40 (19.9%), 13 (6.5%), and 5 (2.5%) respectively. Refractive error 47 (23.4%) was the leading cause of VI. The prevalence of VI was higher in females, children 13-19 years, and respondents whose parents’ income per month was >100,000. These observed differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05) Conclusion: Untreated refractive error was the leading cause of VI among school children in Delta State. This is an avoidable cause of VI that can be treated with spectacle prescription to ease the burden of visual loss.